Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of high mol% yttria containing zirconia: Gulsan Ara Sathi Kazi, Ryo Yamagiwa; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(4):e52. Published online October 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e52

Objectives

Yttria-stabilized tetragonal phase zirconia has been used as a dental restorative material for over a decade. While it is still the strongest and toughest ceramic, its translucency remains as a significant drawback. To overcome this, stabilizing the translucency zirconia to a significant cubic crystalline phase by increasing the yttria content to more than 8 mol% (8YTZP). However, the biocompatibility of a high amount of yttria is still an important topic that needs to be investigated.

Materials and Methods

Commercially available 8YTZP plates were used. To enhance cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, the surface of the 8YTZP is sequentially polished with a SiC-coated abrasive paper and surface coating with type I collagen. Fibroblast-like cells L929 used for cell adherence and cell proliferation analysis, and mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) used for cell differentiation analysis.

Results

The results revealed that all samples, regardless of the surface treatment, are hydrophilic and showed a strong affinity for water. Even the cell culture results indicate that simple surface polishing and coating can affect cellular behavior by enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. Both L929 cells and BMSC were nicely adhered to and proliferated in all conditions.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate the biocompatibility of the cubic phase zirconia with 8 mol% yttria and suggest that yttria with a higher zirconia content are not toxic to the cells, support a strong adhesion of cells on their surfaces, and promote cell proliferation and differentiation. All these confirm its potential use in tissue engineering.

Citations

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Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles (YSZrO₂- NP) and Porcelain Particles on Property Enhancement of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Denture Composites
Ihuoma V. Diwe, Henry E. Mgbemere, Olurotimi A. Adeleye, Bolanle Akinboboye
Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering.2026; 70: 21. CrossRef
Phase-separated Zr70-Al12.5Fe17.5Y (x = 0–25 at.%) metallic glasses with suitable mechanical properties for possible implant applications
Devinder Singh, Parthiban Ramasamy, Anna Sophie Jelinek, Verena Maier-Kiener, Rahul Bhattacharya, Zhuo Chen, Elham Sharifikolouei, Alessandro Calogero Scalia, Ziba Najmi, Andrea Cochis, Simon Fellner, Eray Yüce, Christoph Gammer, Zaoli Zhang, Jürgen Ecker
Journal of Materials Research and Technology.2025; 35: 6468. CrossRef
Rapid and straightforward preparation of sturdy ZrO2-Y2O3@N-GDs inorganic-organic nanohybrid for boosted biomedical applications
S. Kumaraguru, L. Ragunath, J. Suresh, K. Gopinath
Inorganic Chemistry Communications.2025; 182: 115433. CrossRef
Thermal barrier coatings of YSZ developed by plasma sprayed technique and its effective use in orthopedic and dental application
Aishwariya Rajendiran, Vijayalakshmi Uthirapathy
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Extreme temperature gradient promoting oxygen diffusion in yttria‐stabilized zirconia: A molecular dynamics study
Jian Guo, Yan Yin, Min Yi
Journal of the American Ceramic Society.2024; 107(10): 6783. CrossRef
Bioceramics: a review on design concepts toward tailor-made (multi)-functional materials for tissue engineering applications
Ritesh Kumar, Ipsita Pattanayak, Pragyan Aparajita Dash, Smita Mohanty
Journal of Materials Science.2023; 58(8): 3460. CrossRef
In Vitro Degradation of Mg-Doped ZrO2 Bioceramics at the Interface with Xerostom® Saliva Substitute Gel
Liliana Bizo, Marieta Mureşan-Pop, Réka Barabás, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, Antonela Berar
Materials.2023; 16(7): 2680. CrossRef
Processing of gelatine coated composite scaffolds based on magnesium and strontium doped hydroxyapatite and yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide
Aleksa Galic, Tamara Matic, Natasa Obradovic, Zvezdana Bascarevic, Djordje Veljovic
Science of Sintering.2023; 55(4): 469. CrossRef
Biocompatibility of ZrO2 vs. Y-TZP Alloys: Influence of Their Composition and Surface Topography
Alex Tchinda, Laëtitia Chézeau, Gaël Pierson, Richard Kouitat-Njiwa, B H Rihn, Pierre Bravetti
Materials.2022; 15(13): 4655. CrossRef
Influence of oxygen vacancy compensation on the structure, electronic and mechanical properties of yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia
Zhou Fan, Yang Wang, Yidong Zhang, Jianyi Liu
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing.2021; 135: 106082. CrossRef

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Comparison of bond strengths of ceramic brackets bonded to zirconia surfaces using different zirconia primers and a universal adhesive: Ji-Yeon Lee, Jaechan Ahn, Sang In An, Jeong-won Park; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(1):e7. Published online January 22, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e7

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The aim of this study is to compare the shear bond strengths of ceramic brackets bonded to zirconia surfaces using different zirconia primers and universal adhesive.

Materials and Methods

Fifty zirconia blocks (15 × 15 × 10 mm, Zpex, Tosoh Corporation) were polished with 1,000 grit sand paper and air-abraded with 50 µm Al₂O₃ for 10 seconds (40 psi). They were divided into 5 groups: control (CO), Metal/Zirconia primer (MZ, Ivoclar Vivadent), Z-PRIME Plus (ZP, Bisco), Zirconia Liner (ZL, Sun Medical), and Scotchbond Universal adhesive (SU, 3M ESPE). Transbond XT Primer (used for CO, MZ, ZP, and ZL) and Transbond XT Paste was used for bracket bonding (Gemini clear ceramic brackets, 3M Unitek). After 24 hours at 37°C storage, specimens underwent 2,000 thermocycles, and then, shear bond strengths were measured (1 mm/min). An adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was calculated. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test (p = 0.05).

Results

Surface treatment with primers resulted in increased shear bond strength. The SU group showed the highest shear bond strength followed by the ZP, ZL, MZ, and CO groups, in that order. The median ARI scores were as follows: CO = 0, MZ = 0, ZP = 0, ZL = 0, and SU = 3 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Within this experiment, zirconia primer can increase the shear bond strength of bracket bonding. The highest shear bond strength is observed in SU group, even when no primer is used.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effectiveness of universal adhesives for orthodontic bonding to enamel and restorative materials: A systematic review
Claire-Adeline Dantagnan, Maureen Boudrot, Julia Bosco, Gauthier Dot, Ali Nassif, Philippe François, Jean-Pierre Attal
International Orthodontics.2026; 24(2): 101089. CrossRef
State-of-the-Art Zirconia and Glass–Ceramic Materials in Restorative Dentistry: Properties, Clinical Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Sorin Gheorghe Mihali, Adela Hiller
Applied Sciences.2025; 15(23): 12841. CrossRef
Shear bond strength and ARI scores of metal brackets to glazed glass ceramics and zirconia: an in vitro study investigating surface treatment protocols
Claire Pédemay, Philippe François, Vincent Fouquet, Sarah Abdel-Gawad, Jean-Pierre Attal, Claire-Adeline Dantagnan
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of different pretreatments and attachment materials on shear bond strength of indirectly bonded brackets using CAD/CAM transfer trays to monolithic zirconia
Rebecca Jungbauer, Christian M. Hammer, Daniel Edelhoff, Peter Proff, Bogna Stawarczyk
Dental Materials.2023; 39(2): 170. CrossRef
Mechanical and chemical surface treatment enhances bond strength between zirconia and orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study
Nareudee Limpuangthip, Atikom Surintanasarn, Ploylada Vitavaspan
BDJ Open.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Different Surface Treatments and Orthodontic Bracket Type on Shear Bond Strength of High‐Translucent Zirconia: An In Vitro Study
Yasamin Babaee Hemmati, Hamid Neshandar Asli, Mehran Falahchai, Sina Safary, Sandrine Bittencourt Berger
International Journal of Dentistry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Does Surface Treatment With Different Primers Increase The Shear Bond Strength Between Metallic Bracket and Monolithic Zirconia?
Emine Begüm BÜYÜKERKMEN, Ayşe Selenge AKBULUT, Murat KEÇECİ
Selcuk Dental Journal.2022; 9(2): 451. CrossRef
Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Surface Roughness and Orthodontic Bond Strength of Partially-stabilized Zirconia
Mustafa Borga Dönmez, Betül Ballı Demirel, Münir Demirel, Yasemin Gündoğdu, Hamdi Şükür Kılıç
Meandros Medical and Dental Journal.2022; 23(3): 335. CrossRef
Shear Bond Strength of Polypropylene Fiber in Orthodontic Adhesive on Glazed Monolithic Zirconia
Dhanabhol Riowruangsanggoon, Apiwat Riddhabhaya, Nattisa Niyomtham, Irin Sirisoontorn
Polymers.2022; 14(21): 4627. CrossRef
Effects of Three Novel Bracket Luting Agents Containing Zirconia Primer on Shear Bond Strength of Metal Orthodontic Brackets Attached to Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: A Preliminary In Vitro Study
Milad Shamohammadi Heidari, Mehrnaz Moradinejad, Hamed Tabatabaei, Vahid Rakhshan, Dinesh Rokaya
International Journal of Dentistry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of different pretreatments and attachment materials on shear bond strength between monolithic zirconia restorations and metal brackets
Rebecca Jungbauer, Peter Proff, Daniel Edelhoff, Bogna Stawarczyk
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Bracket Bonding to All-Ceramic Materials with Universal Adhesives
Cecilia Goracci, Giuseppe Di Bello, Lorenzo Franchi, Chris Louca, Jelena Juloski, Jovana Juloski, Alessandro Vichi
Materials.2022; 15(3): 1245. CrossRef
Effect of enamel-surface modifications on shear bond strength using different adhesive materials
Bo-wen Zheng, Shan Cao, Majedh Abdo Ali Al-Somairi, Jia He, Yi Liu
BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of various mechanical and chemical surface conditioning on the bonding of orthodontic brackets to all ceramic materials
Dalia A. Abuelenain, Amal I. Linjawi, Ahmed S. Alghamdi, Fahad M. Alsadi
Journal of Dental Sciences.2021; 16(1): 370. CrossRef
The Performance of Universal Adhesives on Orthodontic Bracket Bonding
Muhittin Ugurlu, Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus
European Journal of General Dentistry.2021; 10(01): 019. CrossRef
A comparison of shear bond strength of brackets bonded to zirconia
Hannah Knott, Xiaoming Xu, Edwin Kee, Qingzhao Yu, Paul Armbruster, Richard Ballard
Australasian Orthodontic Journal.2021; 37(1): 62. CrossRef
Influence of Surface Treatment and Resin Cements on the Bond Strength between the Y-TZP Zirconia and Composite Resin Interface
Lucas Campagnaro Maciel, Amanda Pádua Proeza, Hélyda Coelho Guimarães Balbino, Marcela Moráo Corteletti, Ricardo Huver De Jesus, Laís Regiane da Silva Concílio
Journal of Health Sciences.2019; 21(5): 477. CrossRef
Effect of Simplified Bonding on Shear Bond Strength between Ceramic Brackets and Dental Zirconia
Ga-Youn Ju, Soram Oh, Bum-Soon Lim, Hyun-Seung Lee, Shin Hye Chung
Materials.2019; 12(10): 1640. CrossRef

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Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of Zirconia (Y-TZP) posts with various dental cements: Hyeongsoon Shin, Hyunjung Ko, Miri Kim; Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(3):167-175. Published online May 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.167

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Endodontically treated teeth with insufficient tooth structure are often restored with esthetic restorations. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and biological effects of yttria partially stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) blocks in combination with several dental cements.

Materials and Methods

Pairs of zirconia cylinders with medium alone or cemented with three types of dental cement including RelyX U200 (3M ESPE), FujiCEM 2 (GC), and Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray) were incubated in medium for 14 days. The cytotoxicity of each supernatant was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays on L929 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and IL-6 protein was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The MTT assays showed that MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were more susceptible to dental cements than L929 fibroblasts. The resin based dental cements increased IL-6 expression in L929 cells, but reduced IL-6 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Conclusions

Zirconia alone or blocks cemented with dental cement showed acceptable biocompatibilities. The results showed resin-modified glass-ionomer based cement less produced inflammatory cytokines than other self-adhesive resin-based cements. Furthermore, osteoblasts were more susceptible than fibroblasts to the biological effects of dental cement.

Citations

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Digital light processing 3D printing of yttria stabilized zirconia ceramics: microstructures, characterizations, and cytocompatibility
Luke Wadle, Mena Asha Krishnan, Ryan Wall, Lanh Trinh, Bin Duan, Bai Cui
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Journal of the American Ceramic Society.2024; 107(12): 7879. CrossRef
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Pune Nina Paqué, Mutlu Özcan
Current Oral Health Reports.2024; 11(1): 68. CrossRef
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Afida Jemat, Masfueh Razali, Yuichi Otsuka, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali
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Tianyu Yu, Xiaolong Zhu, Hongwei Yu, Pan Wu, Chun Li, Xiaoxiao Han, Mingjun Chen
Journal of Manufacturing Processes.2023; 94: 120. CrossRef
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Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury, Nayem Hossain, Md. Golam Mostofa, Md. Riyad Mia, Md. Tushar, Md. Masud Rana, Md. Helal Hossain
Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12711. CrossRef
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Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of high mol% yttria containing zirconia
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Orthodontic bracket bonding to glazed full-contour zirconia: Ji-Young Kwak, Hyo-Kyung Jung, Il-Kyung Choi, Tae-Yub Kwon; Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(2):106-113. Published online April 14, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.2.106

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study evaluated the effects of different surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to glazed full-zirconia surfaces.

Materials and Methods

Glazed zirconia (except for the control, Zirkonzahn Prettau) disc surfaces were pre-treated: PO (control), polishing; BR, bur roughening; PP, cleaning with a prophy cup and pumice; HF, hydrofluoric acid etching; AA, air abrasion with aluminum oxide; CJ, CoJet-Sand. The surfaces were examined using profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and electron dispersive spectroscopy. A zirconia primer (Z-Prime Plus, Z) or a silane primer (Monobond-S, S) was then applied to the surfaces, yielding 7 groups (PO-Z, BR-Z, PP-S, HF-S, AA-S, AA-Z, and CJ-S). Metal bracket-bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 hr at 37℃, and thermocycled for 1,000 cycles. Their bond strengths were measured using the wire loop method (n = 10).

Results

Except for BR, the surface pre-treatments failed to expose the zirconia substructure. A significant difference in bond strengths was found between AA-Z (4.60 ± 1.08 MPa) and all other groups (13.38 ± 2.57 - 15.78 ± 2.39 MPa, p < 0.05). For AA-Z, most of the adhesive remained on the bracket.

Conclusions

For bracket bonding to glazed zirconia, a simple application of silane to the cleaned surface is recommended. A zirconia primer should be used only when the zirconia substructure is definitely exposed.

Citations

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Ahmed Akram EL-Awady, Khaled Samy ElHabbak, Hussein Ramadan Mohamed, Ahmed Elsayed Elwan, Karim Sherif Adly, Moamen Ahmed Abdalla, Ehab Mohamed Kamal, Ahmed Leithy Alameldin
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Assem Abd EL-wahab, Marwa Shamaa, Ahmed Hafez, Noha El-Wassefy, Shaza Hammad
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Irfan Eser, Orhan Cicek, Nurhat Ozkalayci, Mehmet Yetmez, Hande Erener
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Cecilia Goracci, Giuseppe Di Bello, Lorenzo Franchi, Chris Louca, Jelena Juloski, Jovana Juloski, Alessandro Vichi
Materials.2022; 15(3): 1245. CrossRef
Effects of Three Novel Bracket Luting Agents Containing Zirconia Primer on Shear Bond Strength of Metal Orthodontic Brackets Attached to Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: A Preliminary In Vitro Study
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Original Article

Finite element analysis of maxillary central incisors restored with various post-and-core applications: MinSeock Seo, WonJun Shon, WooCheol Lee, Hyun-Mi Yoo, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Seung-Ho Baek; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(4):324-332. Published online July 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.4.324

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rigidity of post core systems on stress distribution by the theoretical technique, finite element stress-analysis method. Three-dimensional finite element models simulating an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor restored with a zirconia ceramic crown were prepared and 1.5 mm ferrule height was provided. Each model contained cortical bone, trabecular bone, periodontal ligament, 4 mm apical root canal filling, and post-and-core. Six combinations of three parallel type post (zirconia ceramic, glass fiber, and stainless steel) and two core (Paracore and Tetric ceram) materials were evaluated, respectively. A 50 N static occlusal load was applied to the palatal surface of the crown with a 60° angle to the long axis of the tooth. The differences in stress transfer characteristics of the models were analyzed. von Mises stresses were chosen for presentation of results and maximum displacement and hydrostatic pressure were also calculated. An increase of the elastic modulus of the post material increased the stress, but shifted the maximum stress location from the dentin surface to the post material. Buccal side of cervical region (junction of core and crown) of the glass fiber post restored tooth was subjected to the highest stress concentration. Maximum von Mises stress in the remaining radicular tooth structure for low elastic modulus resin core (29.21 MPa) was slightly higher than that for high elastic modulus resin core (29.14 MPa) in case of glass fiber post. Maximum displacement of glass fiber post restored tooth was higher than that of zirconia ceramic or stainless steel post restored tooth.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of stress distribution on an endodontically treated maxillary central tooth with lesion restored with different crown materials: A finite element analysis
Ömer Kirmali, Gülsah Icen, H. Kursat Celik, Allan E.W. Rennie
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The mechanical and physical properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)/sisal/PMMA hybrid composites for dental applications
Harini Sosiati, Arif Muhammad Rizky, Aldi Lukman Maulana Latief, Rahmad Kuncoro Adi, Sinin Hamdan
Materials Research Express.2023; 10(3): 035301. CrossRef
Influence of post types and sizes on fracture resistance in the immature tooth model
Jong-Hyun Kim, Sung-Ho Park, Jeong-Won Park, Il-Young Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(4): 257. CrossRef

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