Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

Impact of different agitation methods on smear layer cleaning of mesial canals with accentuated curvature: Abel Teves Cordova, Murilo Priori Alcalde, Michel Espinosa Klymus, Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(2):e12. Published online March 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e12

Objectives

This study evaluated the impact of different methods of irrigant agitation on smear layer removal in the apical third of curved mesial canals of 3 dimensionally (D) printed mandibular molars.

Materials and Methods

Sixty 3D-printed mandibular second molars were used, presenting a 70° curvature and a Vertucci type II configuration in the mesial root. A round cavity was cut 2 mm from the apex using a trephine of 2 mm in diameter, 60 bovine dentin disks were made, and a smear layer was formed. The dentin disks had the adaptation checked in the apical third of the teeth with wax. The dentin disks were evaluated in environmental scanning electron microscope before and after the following irrigant agitation methods: G1(PIK Ultrasonic Tip), G2 (Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation with Irrisonic– PUI), G3 (Easy Clean), G4 (HBW Ultrasonic Tip), G5 (Ultramint X Ultrasonic tip), and G6 (conventional irrigation-CI) (n = 10). All groups were irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

Results

All dentin disks were 100% covered by the smear layer before treatment, and all groups significantly reduced the percentage of the smear layer after treatment. After the irrigation protocols, the Ultra-X group showed the lowest coverage percentage, statistically differing from the conventional, PIK, and HBW groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference among Ultramint X, PUI-Irrisonic, and Easy Clean (p > 0.05). None of the agitation methods could remove the smear layer altogether.

Conclusions

Ultramint X resulted in the most significant number of completely clean specimens.

Citations

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A new cleaning protocol in minimally invasive endodontic surgery: RUA (“retro irrigant activation”)
Dina Abdellatif, Davide Mancino, Massimo Pisano, Sara De Fontaine, Alfredo Iandolo
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2025; 28(3): 297. CrossRef
Smear layer removal comparing conventional irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoActivator System, and a new sonic device (Perfect Clean System) by scanning electron microscopy: An ex vivo study
Bruna Fernanda Alionço Gonçalves, Divya Reddy, Ricardo Machado, Paulo César Soares Júunior, Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio, Douglas Augusto Fernandes Couto, Karine Santos Frasquetti, Vânia Portela Ditzel Westphalen, Everdan Carneiro, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Net
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0314940. CrossRef

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Comparison of the cyclic fatigue resistance of One Curve, F6 Skytaper, Protaper Next, and Hyflex CM endodontic files: Charlotte Gouédard, Laurent Pino, Reza Arbab-Chirani, Shabnam Arbab-Chirani, Valérie Chevalier; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(2):e16. Published online March 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e16

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Objectives

This study compared the cyclic fatigue resistance of One Curve (C wire) and F6 Skytaper (conventional austenite nickel-titanium [NiTi]), and 2 instruments with thermo-mechanically treated NiTi: Protaper Next X2 (M wire) and Hyflex CM (CM wire).

Materials and Methods

Ten new instruments of each group (size: 0.25 mm, 6% taper in the 3 mm tip region) were tested using a rotary bending machine with a 60° curvature angle and a 5 mm curvature radius, at room temperature. The number of cycles until fracture was recorded. The length of the fractured instruments was measured. The fracture surface of each fragment was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results

At 60°, One Curve, F6 Skytaper and Hyflex CM had significantly longer fatigue lives than Protaper Next X2 (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the cyclic fatigue lives of One Curve, F6 Skytaper, and Hyflex CM (p > 0.05). SEM images of the fracture surfaces of the different instruments showed typical features of fatigue failure.

Conclusions

Within the conditions of this study, at 60° and with a 5 mm curvature radius, the cyclic fatigue life of One Curve was not significantly different from those of F6 Skytaper and Hyflex CM. The cyclic fatigue lives of these 3 instruments were statistically significantly longer than that of Protaper Next.

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Evaluation of cyclic fatigue in three pediatric endodontic rotary file systems in root canals of primary molars: A finite element analysis (FEA)
Monika sri S.S., K.C. Vignesh, K. Vivek, Kavitha Swaminathan, Selvakumar Haridoss
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research.2025; 15(2): 310. CrossRef
Stress analysis of different experimental finite element models of rotary endodontic instruments
Manar M. Galal, Amira Galal Ismail, Nada Omar
Bulletin of the National Research Centre.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Analyzing Surface Morphology Changes Induced by Cyclic Fatigue in Three Different Nickel–Titanium Rotary Files Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
Chintan Joshi, Mahima P Jain, Sweety M Thumar, Jay H Dave, Applu R Bhatt, Juhi I Dholani
World Journal of Dentistry.2024; 15(7): 579. CrossRef
Nickel ion release and surface analyses on instrument fragments fractured beyond the apex: a laboratory investigation
Sıdıka Mine Toker, Ekim Onur Orhan, Arzu Beklen
BMC Oral Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Effects of dentin surface preparations on bonding of self-etching adhesives under simulated pulpal pressure: Chantima Siriporananon, Pisol Senawongse, Vanthana Sattabanasuk, Natchalee Srimaneekarn, Hidehiko Sano, Pipop Saikaew; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(1):e4. Published online December 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e4

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Objectives

This study evaluated the effects of different smear layer preparations on the dentin permeability and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of 2 self-etching adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond [CSE] and Clearfil Tri-S Bond Universal [CTS]) under dynamic pulpal pressure.

Materials and Methods

Human third molars were cut into crown segments. The dentin surfaces were prepared using 4 armamentaria: 600-grit SiC paper, coarse diamond burs, superfine diamond burs, and carbide burs. The pulp chamber of each crown segment was connected to a dynamic intra-pulpal pressure simulation apparatus, and the permeability test was done under a pressure of 15 cmH₂O. The relative permeability (%P) was evaluated on the smear layer-covered and bonded dentin surfaces. The teeth were bonded to either of the adhesives under pulpal pressure simulation, and cut into sticks after 24 hours water storage for the µTBS test. The resin-dentin interface and nanoleakage observations were performed using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical comparisons were done using analysis of variance and post hoc tests.

Results

Only the method of surface preparation had a significant effect on permeability (p < 0.05). The smear layers created by the carbide and superfine diamond burs yielded the lowest permeability. CSE demonstrated a higher µTBS, with these values in the superfine diamond and carbide bur groups being the highest. Microscopic evaluation of the resin-dentin interface revealed nanoleakage in the coarse diamond bur and SiC paper groups for both adhesives.

Conclusions

Superfine diamond and carbide burs can be recommended for dentin preparation with the use of 2-step CSE.

Citations

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The effect of different adhesive strategies and diamond burs on dentin bond strength of universal resin cements
Chavakorn Atsavathavornset, Pipop Saikaew, Choltacha Harnirattisai, Hidehiko Sano
Clinical Oral Investigations.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Universal adhesive systems in dentistry: A narrative review
Svetlana N. Razumova, Anzhela S. Brago, Oxana R. Ruda, Zoya A. Guryeva, Elvira V. Adzhieva
Russian Journal of Dentistry.2024; 28(5): 512. CrossRef
Delayed light activation of resin composite affects the bond strength of adhesives under dynamic simulated pulpal pressure
Nattaporn Sukprasert, Choltacha Harnirattisai, Pisol Senawongse, Hidehiko Sano, Pipop Saikaew
Clinical Oral Investigations.2022; 26(11): 6743. CrossRef

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Push-out bond strength and marginal adaptation of apical plugs with bioactive endodontic cements in simulated immature teeth: Maria Aparecida Barbosa de Sá, Eduardo Nunes, Alberto Nogueira da Gama Antunes, Manoel Brito Júnior, Martinho Campolina Rebello Horta, Rodrigo Rodrigues Amaral, Stephen Cohen, Frank Ferreira Silveira; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(4):e53. Published online October 20, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e53

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Objectives

This study evaluates the bond strength and marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP and Biodentine used as apical plugs; MTA was used as reference material for comparison.

Materials and Methods

A total of 30 single-rooted teeth with standardized, artificially created open apices were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 per group), according to the material used to form 6-mm-thick apical plugs: group 1 (MTA Repair HP); group 2 (Biodentine); and group 3 (white MTA). Subsequently, the specimens were transversely sectioned to obtain 2 (cervical and apical) 2.5-mm-thick slices per root. Epoxy resin replicas were observed under a scanning electron microscope to measure the gap size at the material/dentin interface (the largest and smaller gaps were recorded for each replica). The bond strength of the investigated materials to dentin was determined using the push-out test. The variable bond strengths and gap sizes were evaluated independently at the apical and cervical root dentin slices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics.

Results

The comparison between the groups regarding the variables' bond strengths and gap sizes showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) except for a single difference in the smallest gap at the cervical root dentin slice, which was higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The bond strength and marginal adaptation to root canal walls of MTA HP and Biodentine cement were comparable to white MTA.

Citations

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Evaluation of the root dentin bond strength and intratubular biomineralization of a premixed calcium aluminate-based hydraulic bioceramic endodontic sealer
Yu-Na Lee, Min-Kyeong Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Mi-Kyung Yu, Kwang-Won Lee, Kyung-San Min
Journal of Oral Science.2024; 66(2): 96. CrossRef
Managing Cracked Teeth with Root Extension: A Prospective Preliminary Study Using Biodentine™ Material
Kênia Maria Soares de Toubes, Isabella Sousa Corrêa, Regina Célia Lopes Valadares, Stephanie Quadros Tonelli, Fábio Fernandes Borém Bruzinga, Frank Ferreira Silveira, Dr Karthikeyan Ramalingam
International Journal of Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Marginal adaptation of customized gutta percha cone with calcium silicate based sealer versus MTA and biodentine apical plugs in simulated immature permanent teeth (an in vitro study)
Mary M. Mina, Sybel M. Moussa, Mahmoud R. Aboelseoud
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Push-Out Bond Strength of Conventional Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine, a Modified Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Two Novel Antibacterial-Enhanced Mineral Trioxide Aggregates
Arokia Rajkumar Shancy Merlin, Vignesh Ravindran, Ganesh Jeevanandan, Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy, Abirami Arthanari
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Push out bond strength of hydraulic cements used at different thicknesses
C. Ruiz Durán, Dra L. Gancedo-Caravia, V. Vera González, C. González Losada
BMC Oral Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of different calcium-silicate based materials on fracture resistance of immature permanent teeth with replacement root resorption and osteoclastogenesis
Gabriela Leite de Souza, Gabrielle Alves Nunes Freitas, Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro, Nelly Xiomara Alvarado Lemus, Carlos José Soares, Camilla Christian Gomes Moura
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Comparative evaluation of Emblica officinalis as an etchant and an MMP inhibitor with orthophosphoric acid and chlorhexidine on the microshear bond strength of composite resin: an ex vivo study: Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar, Annapoorna Ballagere Mariswamy; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e36. Published online June 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e36

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Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry or amla) as an acid etchant and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, and to compare its effect on the microshear bond strength of composite resin with orthophosphoric acid (OPA) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as an acid etchant and MMP inhibitor, respectively.

Materials and Methods

The etching effect and MMP-inhibiting action of amla on dentin samples were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gelatin zymography, respectively. Dentinal slabs (3 mm thick) from 80 extracted human molars were divided into 10 and 20 samples to form 2 control groups and 3 experimental groups. Groups 1, 2, and 4 were etched with OPA and groups 3 and 5 with amla juice. An MMP inhibitor was then applied: CHX for group 2 and amla extract for groups 4 and 5. Groups 1 and 3 received no MMP inhibitor. All specimens received a standardized bonding protocol and composite resin build-up, and were subjected to microshear bond strength testing. The force at which the fracture occurred was recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results

Amla juice had a similar etching effect as a self-etch adhesive in SEM and 100% amla extract was found to inhibit MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. The microshear bond strength values of amla were lower than those obtained for OPA and CHX, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Amla has a promising role as an acid etchant and MMP inhibitor, but further studies are necessary to substantiate its efficacy.

Citations

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Eco-conscious synthesis of novel 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potent Anti-microbial agent and comparative study of cell viability and cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cell line utilizing Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) fruit extract
Bhaktiben R. Bhatt, Kamalkishor Pandey, Tarosh Patel, Anupama Modi, Chandani Halpani, Vaibhav D. Bhatt, Bharat C. Dixit
Bioorganic Chemistry.2024; 153: 107936. CrossRef
Cell mediated ECM-degradation as an emerging tool for anti-fibrotic strategy
Peng Zhao, Tian Sun, Cheng Lyu, Kaini Liang, Yanan Du
Cell Regeneration.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Insight into the development of versatile dentin bonding agents to increase the durability of the bonding interface
Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto, Teresa de Lisieux Guedes Ferreira Lôbo, Raphaela Farias Rodrigues, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Marcos Aurélio Bomfim da Silva
Frontiers in Dental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Cyclic fatigue, bending resistance, and surface roughness of ProTaper Gold and EdgeEvolve files in canals with single- and double-curvature: Wafaa A. Khalil, Zuhair S. Natto; Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(2):e19. Published online April 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e19

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Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue, bending resistance, and surface roughness of EdgeEvolve (EdgeEndo) and ProTaper Gold (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties) nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files.

Materials and Methods

The instruments (n = 15/each) were tested for cyclic fatigue in single- (60° curvature, 5-mm radius) and double-curved (coronal curvature 60°, 5-mm radius, and apical curvature of 30° and 2-mm radius) artificial canals. The number of cycles to fracture was calculated. The bending resistance of both files were tested using a universal testing machine where the files were bent until reach 45°. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray energy-dispersive spectrometric analysis were used for imaging the fractured segments, while the atomic force microscope was used to quantify the surface roughness average (Ra).

Results

EdgeEvolve files exhibited higher cyclic fatigue resistance than ProTaper Gold files in single- and double-curved canals (p < 0.05) and both files were more resistant to cyclic fatigue in single-curved canals than double-curved canals (p < 0.05). EdgeEvolve files exhibited significantly more flexibility than did ProTaper Gold files (p < 0.05). Both files had approximately similar Ni and Ti contents (p > 0.05). EdgeEvolve files showed significantly lower Ra values than ProTaper Gold files (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Within the limitation of this study, EdgeEvolve files exhibited significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than ProTaper Gold files in both single- and double-curved canals.

Citations

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An in vitro comparison of alterations in surface topographies of three different rotary files after root canal preparation with different irrigating solutions: Atomic force microscopic study
PremSai Parepalli, TB. V G. Raju, PKrishna Prasad, GowtamDev Dondapati, VenkataSrija Kintada, Alekhya Mediboyina
Journal of Conservative Dentistry.2023; 26(3): 299. CrossRef
Assessment of surface topographic changes of nickel–titanium rotary endodontic file at repeated usage: An in vitro study
E. Viswas, VSS Krishna, E. Sridevi, A. J. Sai Sankar, K. Siva Sankar, B. Nagesh
Endodontology.2023; 35(2): 149. CrossRef
Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Surface Roughness of Rotary NiTi Instruments after Simulated Clinical Use in Curved Root Canals – An Atomic Force Microscopy Study
Raksha Bhat, Arjun Kini, Preethesh Shetty, Payalben Kansara, Bapanaiah Penugonda
Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Metallurgical Tests in Endodontics: A Narrative Review
Alessio Zanza, Marco Seracchiani, Rodolfo Reda, Gabriele Miccoli, Luca Testarelli, Dario Di Nardo
Bioengineering.2022; 9(1): 30. CrossRef
Influence of nickel-titanium rotary systems with varying cross-sectional, pitch, and rotational speed on deflection and cyclic fatigue: a finite element analysis study
Wignyo Hadriyanto, Lukita Wardani, Christina Nugrohowati, Ananto Alhasyimi, Rachmat Sriwijaya, Margareta Rinastiti, Widowati Siswomihardjo, Gunadi, T. Yamada, A.A.C. Pramana, Y. Ophinni, A. Gusnanto, W.A. Kusuma, J. Yunus, Afiahayati, R. Dharmastiti, T.
BIO Web of Conferences.2021; 41: 05005. CrossRef
Can the Separated Instrument be Removed From the Root Canal System out by Magnetism? A Hypothesis
Mohammad Daryaeian, Sanjay Miglani, AbdolMahmood Davarpanah, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Mohsen Ramazani
Dental Hypotheses.2019; 10(4): 108. CrossRef
Resistance to cyclic fatigue of reciprocating instruments determined at body temperature and phase transformation analysis
Raymond Scott, Ana Arias, José C. Macorra, Sanjay Govindjee, Ove A. Peters
Australian Endodontic Journal.2019; 45(3): 400. CrossRef

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The use of auxiliary devices during irrigation to increase the cleaning ability of a chelating agent: Marina Carvalho Prado, Fernanda Leal, Renata Antoun Simão, Heloisa Gusman, Maíra do Prado; Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(2):105-110. Published online February 3, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.105

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Objectives

This study investigated the cleaning ability of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and a novel activation system with reciprocating motion (EC, EasyClean, Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos) when used with a relatively new chelating agent (QMix, Dentsply). In addition, the effect of QMix solution when used for a shorter (1 minute) and a longer application time (3 minutes) was investigated.

Materials and Methods

Fifty permanent human teeth were prepared with K3 rotary system and 6% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1, negative control (distilled water); G2, positive control (QMix 1 minute); G3, QMix 1 minute/UAI; G4, QMix 1 minute/EC; G5, QMix 3 minutes. Subsequently the teeth were prepared and three photomicrographs were obtained in each root third of root walls, by scanning electron microscopy. Two blinded and pre-calibrated examiners evaluated the images using a four-category scoring system. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05).

Results

There were differences among groups (p < 0.05). UAI showed better cleaning ability than EC (p < 0.05). There were improvements when QMix was used with auxiliary devices in comparison with conventional irrigation (p < 0.05). Conventional irrigation for 3 minutes presented significantly better results than its use for 1 minute (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

QMix should be used for 1 minute when it is used with UAI, since this final irrigation protocol showed the best performance and also allowed clinical optimization of this procedure.

Citations

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Comparative Evaluation of Different Methods of Activation of Chelating Solution for Smear Layer Removal in the Apical Portion of the Root Canal Using a Scanning Electron Microscopy: An In Vitro Study
Mrunal B Alhat, Sudha B Mattigatti, Rushikesh R Mahaparale, Kapil D Wahane, Apoorva Jadhav
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Laser-Activated and Conventional Irrigation Techniques on Sealer Penetration into Dentinal Tubules
Dilara Koruk, Fatma Basmacı, Dilan Kırmızı, Umut Aksoy
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2022; 40(8): 565. CrossRef
Utilização dos atuais métodos de agitação de soluções endodônticas no canal radicular
Lívia Rodrigues Schneider, Larissa Giovanella
Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento.2022; : 135. CrossRef
Smear layer removal by passive ultrasonic irrigation and 2 new mechanical methods for activation of the chelating solution
Ricardo Machado, Isadora da Silva, Daniel Comparin, Bianca Araujo Marques de Mattos, Luiz Rômulo Alberton, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Proteomic analysis of human dental pulp in different clinical diagnosis
Poliana Amanda Oliveira Silva, Stella Maris de Freitas Lima, Mirna de Souza Freire, André Melro Murad, Octávio Luiz Franco, Taia Maria Berto Rezende
Clinical Oral Investigations.2021; 25(5): 3285. CrossRef
Effect of QMix irrigant in removal of smear layer in root canal system: a systematic review of in vitro studies
Margaret Soo Yee Chia, Abhishek Parolia, Benjamin Syek Hur Lim, Jayakumar Jayaraman, Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of 17% EDTA and QMiX ultrasonic activation on smear layer removal and sealer penetration: ex vivo study
Felipe de Souza Matos, Fabrício Rutz da Silva, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Camilla Christian Gomes Moura, Eduardo Bresciani, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Micro-CT evaluation of different final irrigation protocols on the removal of hard-tissue debris from isthmus-containing mesial root of mandibular molars
Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Carla Rodrigues Carvalho, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Marina Carvalho Prado, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Gustavo De-Deus, Edson Jorge Lima Moreira
Clinical Oral Investigations.2019; 23(2): 681. CrossRef

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Microorganism penetration in dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal walls. In vitro SEM study: Saad Al-Nazhan, Alaa Al-Sulaiman, Fellwa Al-Rasheed, Fatimah Alnajjar, Bander Al-Abdulwahab, Abdulhakeem Al-Badah; Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(4):258-264. Published online July 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.258

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Objectives

This in vitro study aimed to investigate the ability of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to penetrate dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal surface of split human teeth.

Materials and Methods

Sixty intact extracted human single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups, negative control, positive control without canal instrumentation, instrumented, and retreated. Root canals in the instrumented group were enlarged with endodontic instruments, while root canals in the retreated group were enlarged, filled, and then removed the canal filling materials. The teeth were split longitudinally after canal preparation in 3 groups except the negative control group. The teeth were inoculated with both microorganisms separately and in combination. Teeth specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of penetration into the dentinal tubules was assessed using the SMILE view software (JEOL Ltd).

Results

Penetration of C. albicans and E. faecalis into the dentinal tubules was observed in all 3 groups, although penetration was partially restricted by dentin debris of tubules in the instrumented group and remnants of canal filling materials in the retreated group. In all 3 groups, E. faecalis penetrated deeper into the dentinal tubules by way of cell division than C. albicans which built colonies and penetrated by means of hyphae.

Conclusions

Microorganisms can easily penetrate dentinal tubules of root canals with different appearance based on the microorganism size and status of dentinal tubules.

Citations

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Influence of photobiomodulation therapy on regenerative potential of non-vital mature permanent teeth in healthy canine dogs
S. F. Khattab, Y. F. Gomaa, E. A. E. Abdelaziz, N. M. A. Khattab
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A 12-month randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of revitalization of retreated mature incisors with periapical radiolucency in adolescents
Ahmad Abdel Hamid Elheeny, Osama Seif-Elnasr Hussien, Mahmoud Ahmed Abdelmotelb, Yassmin Mohamed ElMakawi, Norhan Khaled Omar Wahba
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Failed Regenerative Endodontic Case Treated by Modified Aspiration-irrigation Technique and Apexification
Loai Alsofi, Sara Almarzouki
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2024; 25(1): 92. CrossRef
Effectiveness of EndoActivator, PATS Vario system, and XP-endo Finisher files on smear layer removal under scanning electron microscope: A comparative study
Rishabh Patel, Gaurav Shinde, Prashant Bondarde, Aruna Vishwakarma, Madhuri Bhandare, Vaibhavi Pharne
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.2024; 42(3): 195. CrossRef
Influence of root canal moisture on the penetration of TotalFill bioceramic sealer into the dentinal tubules: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study
Archika M Singh, Tarek M Elsewify, Walid S El-Sayed, Husam H Nuawafleh, Ranya F Elemam, Bassem M Eid
Saudi Endodontic Journal.2024; 14(2): 187. CrossRef
Fungi and bacteria occupy distinct spatial niches within carious dentin
Rosalyn M. Sulyanto, Clifford J. Beall, Kasey Ha, Joseph Montesano, Jason Juang, John R. Dickson, Shahr B. Hashmi, Seth Bradbury, Eugene J. Leys, Mira Edgerton, Sunita P. Ho, Ann L. Griffen, Alex Andrianopoulos
PLOS Pathogens.2024; 20(5): e1011865. CrossRef
The advancement in irrigation solution within the field of endodontics, A Review
Fatima Fahad , Raghad A Al-Hashimi , Munther J Hussain
Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry.2024; 36(1): 54. CrossRef
Supplementary methods for filling material removal: A systematic review and meta-analysis of micro-CT imaging studies
Bruna Venzke Fischer, Taynara Santos Goulart, Filipe Colombo Vitali, Diego Leonardo de Souza, Cleonice da Silveira Teixeira, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
Journal of Dentistry.2024; 151: 105445. CrossRef
Impact of calcium hydroxide and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid on the microhardness of root dentine: an in vitro study
Nandini T. Niranjan, Protim Ghosh Dastidar, Raghavendra Penukonda, Galvin Sim Siang Lin, Roopa Babannavar, Arun Jaysheel, Harshada Pattar
Odontology.2024; 112(3): 711. CrossRef
Fabrication of Rapidly Soluble Zn2+-Releasing Phosphate-Based Glass and Its Incorporation into Dental Resin
Fan Deng, Haruaki Kitagawa, Tomoki Kohno, Tingyi Wu, Naoya Funayama, Pasiree Thongthai, Hefei Li, Gabriela L. Abe, Ranna Kitagawa, Jun-Ichi Sasaki, Satoshi Imazato
Molecules.2024; 29(21): 5098. CrossRef
Combined effect of electrical energy and graphene oxide on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
Myung-Jin LEE, Mi-Ah KIM, Kyung-San MIN
Dental Materials Journal.2023; 42(6): 844. CrossRef
Effect of Different Irrigant Activation Techniques on the Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide, an Intracanal Medicament: An In Vitro Study
Radha Kalyani Narla, Ravi kumar J, Tejosmita Chowdary Pavuluri, Krishna Chaitanya P, Ramesh Penumaka, Ratna Kamal Nagelli
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Effects of canal enlargement and irrigation needle depth on the cleaning of the root canal system at 3 mm from the apex: Ho-Jin Moon, Chan-Ui Hong; Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(1):24-28. Published online March 2, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.24

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis, that the effectiveness of irrigation in removing smear layer in the apical third of root canal system is dependent on the depth of placement of the irrigation needle into the root canal and the enlargement size of the canal.

Materials and Methods

Eighty sound human lower incisors were divided into eight groups according to the enlargement size (#25, #30, #35 and #40) and the needle penetration depth (3 mm from working length, WL-3 mm and 9 mm from working length, WL-9 mm). Each canal was enlarged to working length with Profile.06 Rotary Ni-Ti files and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl. Then, each canal received a final irrigation with 3 mL of 3% EDTA for 4 min, followed by 5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl at different level (WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm) from working length. Each specimen was prepared for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photographs of the 3mm area from the apical constriction of each canal with a magnification of ×250, ×500, ×1,000, ×2,500 were taken for the final evaluation.

Results

Removal of smear layer in WL-3 mm group showed a significantly different effect when the canal was enlarged to larger than #30. There was a significant difference in removing apical smear layer between the needle penetration depth of WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm.

Conclusions

Removal of smear layer from the apical portion of root canals was effectively accomplished with apical instrumentation to #35/40 06 taper file and 3 mm needle penetration from the working length.

Citations

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Numerical Evaluation of Flow Pattern for Root Canal Irrigation Including icrobubbles
Joon Hyun Kim, Chan U Lee, Inwhan Lee, Jaeyong Sung
Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers.2023; 32(5): 251. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Effect of a desensitizer on dentinal bond strength in cementation of composite resin inlay: Sae-Hee Han, Young-Gon Cho; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(3):223-231. Published online May 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.3.223

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a desensitizer on dentinal bond strength in cementation of composite resin inlay. Fifty four molar teeth were exposed the occlusal dentin. Class I inlay cavities were prepared and randomly divided into six groups. Control group ; no agent, Group 1 ; Isodan, Group 2 ; One-step, Group 3 ; All-Bond SE, Group 4 ; Isodan + One-step, Group 5 ; Isodan + All-Bond SE.

Desensitizing agent and dentin bonding agents were applied immediately after the completion of the preparations. Impressions were then made. The composite resin inlays (Tescera, Bisco) were fabricated according to the manufacturers' guidelines. Cementation procedures followed a standard protocol by using resin cement (Bis-Cem, Bisco). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37℃ for 24 hours.

All specimens were sectioned to obtained sticks with 1.0 × 1.0 mm² cross sectional area. The microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was tested at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data was analyzed using oneway ANOVA and Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was made to examine the details of the bonding interface.

1. Group 1 showed significantly lower µTBS than other groups (p<0.05).

2. There was no significant difference between the µTBS of Group 3 and Group 5.

3. The µTBS of Group 4 showed significantly lower than that of Group 2 (p<0.05).

In conclusion, a desensitizer (Isodan) might have an adverse effect on the bond strength of composite resin inlay to dentin.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Microtensile bond strength of self-etching and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin and indirect composite resin
Jae-Gu Park, Young-Gon Cho, Il-Sin Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(2): 106. CrossRef

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The change of the configuration of hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel by changes of pH and degree of saturation of lactic acid buffer solution: Young-Eui Chon, Il-Young Jung, Bung-Duk Roh, Chan-Young Lee; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2007;32(6):498-513. Published online November 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.6.498

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Since it was reported that incipient enamel caries can be recovered, previous studies have quantitatively evaluated that enamel artificial caries have been remineralized with fluoride, showing simultaneously the increase of width of surface layer and the decrease of width of the body of legion. There is, however, little report which showed that remineralization could occur without fluoride. In addition, the observations on the change of hydroxyapatite crystals also have been scarcely seen.

In this study, enamel caries in intact premolars or molars was induced by using lactic acidulated buffering solutions over 2 days. Then decalcified specimens were remineralized by seven groups of solutions using different degree of saturation (0.212, 0.239, 0.301, 0.355) and different pH (5.0, 5.5, 6.0) over 10 days. A qualitative comparison to changes of hydroxyapatite crystals after fracturing teeth was made under SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy).

The results were as follows:

1. The size of hydroxyapatite crystals in demineralized area was smaller than the normal ones. While the space among crystals was expanded, it was observed that crystals are arranged irregularly.

2. In remineralized enamel area, the enlarged crystals with various shape were observed when the crystals were fused and new small crystals in intercrystalline spaces were deposited.

3. Group 3 and 4 with higher degree of saturation at same pH showed the formation of large clusters by aggregation of small crystals from the surface layer to the lesion body than group 1 and 2 with relatively low degree of saturation at same pH did. Especially group 4 showed complete remineralization to the body of lesions. Group 5 and 6 with lower pH at similar degree of saturation showed remineralization to the body of lesions while group 7 didn't show it. Unlike in Group 3 and 4, Group 5 and 6 showed that each particle was densely distributed with clear appearance rather than crystals form clusters together.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Anticariogenic Sanative Effect of Aluminum Gallium Arsenide Crystals on Hydroxyapatite Crystals
Sonali Sharma, Mithra N. Hegde, Sindhu Ramesh
Crystals.2022; 12(12): 1841. CrossRef

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Evaluation of retrievability using a new soft resin based root canal filling material: Su-Jung Shin, Yoon Lee, Jeong-Won Park; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2006;31(4):323-329. Published online July 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.323

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the retrievability of Resilon as a root canal filling material. Twenty-seven human single-rooted extracted teeth were instrumented utilizing a crown down technique with Gates-Glidden burs and ProFile system. In group1 (n = 12) canals were obturated with gutta percha and AH-26 plus sealer using a continuous wave technique and backfilled. In group 2 (n = 15) Resilon was used as a filling material. Then teeth were sealed and kept in 37℃ and 100% humidity for 7 days. For retreatment, the samples were re-accessed and filling material was removed using Gates-Glidden burs and ProFiles. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally to compare the general cleanliness and amount of debris (× 75) using SEM. Chi-square test was used (α = 0.05) to analyze the data. The total time required for removal of filling materials was expressed as mean ± SD (min) and analyzed by the Student t-test (α = 0.05). Required time for retreatment was 3.25 ± 0.32 minutes for gutta percha/AH 26 plus sealer and 3.05 ± 0.34 minutes for Resilon. There was no statistically significant difference between the two experimental groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the cleanliness of the root canal wall. This study showed that Resilon was effectively removed by Gates-Glidden burs and ProFiles.

Citations

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An in vitro evaluation of effectiveness of Xylene, Thyme oil and Orange oil in dissolving three different endodontic sealers
N Aiswarya, TN Girish, KC Ponnappa
Journal of Conservative Dentistry.2023; 26(3): 305. CrossRef
A Comparative Evaluation of Two Commonly Used GP Solvents on Different Epoxy Resin-based Sealers: An In Vitro Study
Sakshi Tyagi, Ekta Choudhary, Rajat Chauhan, Ashish Choudhary
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry.2020; 13(1): 35. CrossRef
Evaluation of softening ability of Xylene & Endosolv-R on three different epoxy resin based sealers within 1 to 2 minutes - anin vitrostudy
Pratima Ramakrishna Shenoi, Gautam Pyarelal Badole, Rajiv Tarachand Khode
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(1): 17. CrossRef
Microleakage of resilon by methacrylate-based sealer and self-adhesive resin cement
Sun-Young Ham, Jin-Woo Kim, Hye-Jin Shin, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(3): 204. CrossRef
Microleakage of resilon: Effects of several self-etching primer
Jong-Hyeon O, Se-Hee Park, Hye-Jin Shin, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(2): 133. CrossRef

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The etching effects and microtensile bond strength of total etching and self-etching adhesive system on unground enamel: Sun-Kyong Oh, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(3):273-280. Published online May 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.3.273

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the etching effects and bond strength of total etching and self-etching adhesive system on unground enamel using scanning electron microscopy and microtensile bond strength test.

The buccal coronal unground enamel from human extracted molars were prepared using low-speed diamond saw. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (group SM), Clearfil SE Bond (group SE), or Adper Prompt L-Pop (group LP) were applied to the prepared teeth, and the blocks of resin composite (Filtek Z250) were built up incrementally. Resin tag formation was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, after removal of enamel surface by acid dissolution and dehydration. For microtensile bond strength test, resin-bonded teeth were sectioned to give a bonded surface area of 1mm². Microtensile bond strength test was perfomed.

The results of this study were as follows.

1. A definite etching pattern was observed in Scotchbond Multi-Purpose group.

2. Self-etching groups were characterized as shallow and irregular etching patterns.

3. The results (mean) of microtensile bond strength were SM; 26.55 MPa, SE; 18.15 MPa, LP; 15.57 MPa. SM had significantly higher microtensile bond strength than SE and PL (p < 0.05), but there was no significant differance between SE and PL.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Physical properties of different self-adhesive resin cements and their shear bond strength on lithium disilicate ceramic and dentin
Hye-Jin Shin, Chang-Kyu Song, Se-Hee Partk, Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(3): 184. CrossRef
Effects of one or two applications of all-in-one adhesive on microtensile bond strength to unground enamel
Chang-Yong Son, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(6): 445. CrossRef

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