Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of four electronic apex locators using stainless-steel and nickel-titanium hand files: Paras Mull Gehlot, Vinutha Manjunath, Mysore Krishnaswamy Manjunath; Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(1):6-11. Published online January 4, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.1.6

Objectives

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of working length (WL) determination of four electronic apex locators (EALs), namely, Root ZX (RZX), Elements diagnostic unit and apex locator (ELE), SybronEndo Mini Apex locator (MINI) and Propex pixi (PIXI) using Stainless steel (SS) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) hand files. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference between canal length determination by SS and NiTi files of 4 EALs.

Materials and Methods

Sixty extracted, single rooted human teeth were decoronated and the canal orifice flared. The actual length (AL) was assessed visually, and the teeth were embedded in an alginate model. The electronic length (EL) measurements were recorded with all four EALs using SS and NiTi files at '0.5' reading on display. The differences between the AL and EL were compared.

Results

The results obtained with each EAL with SS and NiTi files were compared with AL. A paired sample t test showed that there was a statistical significant difference between EAL readings with SS and NiTi files for RZX and MINI (p < 0.05). The accuracy of RZX, ELE, MINI and PIXI within ± 0.5 mm of AL with SS/NiTi files were 93.3%/70%, 90%/91.7%, 95%/68.3%, and 83.3%/83.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that Root ZX was statistically more accurate with NiTi files compared to SS files, while MINI was statistically more accurate with SS files compared to NiTi files. ELE and PIXI were not affected by the alloy type of the file used to determine WL.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Accuracy of electronic apex locators using heat‐treatedNi‐Tifile
Kang‐Young Heo, Ho‐Keel Hwang, Hyoung‐Hoon Jo
Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(1): 111. CrossRef
Impact of nickel-titanium instrument heat treatment on the precision of an inbuilt electronic apex locator and endodontic motor
Syed Manzoor Ul Haq Bukhari, Rahil Bhat, Sheeeban Rashid
IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics.2023; 8(3): 155. CrossRef
Clinical Accuracy and Precision of 3 Multifrequency Electronic Apex Locators Assessed through Micro–Computed Tomographic Imaging
Gustavo De-Deus, Viviany Cozer, Erick Miranda Souza, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Marco Simões-Carvalho, Marco Aurélio Versiani
Journal of Endodontics.2023; 49(5): 487. CrossRef
Influence of heat treatment of nickel–titanium instruments on the accuracy of an electronic apex locator integrated with endodontic motor
HermanoCamelo Paiva, Eduardo Akisue, GeorgeTáccio de Miranda Candeiro, Iandarade Lima Scardini, CelsoLuiz Caldeira, Giulio Gavini
Journal of Conservative Dentistry.2022; 25(6): 596. CrossRef
The accuracy of electronic apex locators for determining working length: An in vitro study with artificial teeth
Raquel C. F. D. Bernardo, Louise S. Alves, Adilia M. V. Bruno, Thais M. C. Coutinho, Heloisa Gusman
Australian Endodontic Journal.2021; 47(2): 217. CrossRef
LİTERATÜRDE IN VITRO ELEKTRONİK APEKS BULUCU ÇALIŞMALARINDA KULLANILAN ORTAM ÇEŞİTLERİ: BİR DERLEME
Hamza CUDAL, Tuğrul ASLAN, Yakup ÜSTÜN
Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi.2021; : 454. CrossRef
Effect of solvent use on postoperative pain in root canal retreatment: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Ozgur Genc Sen, Ali Erdemir, Burhan Can Canakci
Clinical Oral Investigations.2020; 24(1): 257. CrossRef
A clinical evaluation of two electronic apex locators and conventional radiography in working length determination in primary molar and its influence on children's behavioral responses
Krithi Nellamakkada, SandyaS Patil, Madhu Kakanur, RaviS Kumar, Rachna Thakur
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.2020; 38(2): 158. CrossRef
Comparison of the accuracies of multi-frequency electronic apex locators in teeth with enlarged apical foramina: ex vivo
Mügem Aslı Ekici, Bağdagül Helvacıoğlu Kıvanç, Adil Ekici
Acta Odontologica Turcica.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Root ZX Electronic Foramen Locator: An Ex Vivo Study of Its Three Models’ Precision and Reproducibility
Bernardo Almeida Aguiar, Rafael Santos Reinaldo, Luciana Maria Arcanjo Frota, Mônica Sampaio do Vale, Bruno Carvalho de Vasconcelos
International Journal of Dentistry.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Determination of the Accuracy of 5 Electronic Apex Locators in the Function of Different Employment Protocols
Tiago Nepomuceno Oliveira, Nilton Vivacqua-Gomes, Ricardo Affonso Bernardes, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Bruno Carvalho Vasconcelos
Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(10): 1663. CrossRef

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Accuracy of Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigant: Hyeong-Soon Shin, Won-Kyung Yang, Mi-Ri Kim, Hyun-Jung Ko, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park, Jin-Woo Kim; Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(3):149-154. Published online August 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.3.149

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigants, such as saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine liquid, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and RC-Prep, and also to determine the electrical conductivities of these endodontic irrigants.

Materials and Methods

A root perforation was simulated on twenty freshly extracted teeth by means of a small perforation made on the proximal surface of the root at 4 mm from the anatomic apex. Root ZX was used to locate root perforation and measure the electronic working lengths. The results obtained were compared with the actual working length (AWL) and the actual location of perforations (AP), allowing tolerances of 0.5 or 1.0 mm. Measurements within these limits were considered as acceptable. Chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate significance. Electrical conductivities of each irrigant were also measured with an electrical conductivity tester.

Results

The accuracies of the Root ZX in perforated teeth were significantly different between liquid types (saline, NaOCl) and gel types (chlorhexidine gel, RC-Prep). The accuracies of electronic working lengths in perforated teeth were higher in gel types than in liquid types. The accuracy in locating root perforation was higher in liquid types than gel types. 5.25% NaOCl had the highest electrical conductivity, whereas 2% chlorhexidine gel and RC-Prep gel had the lowest electrical conductivities among the five irrigants.

Conclusions

Different canal irrigants with different electrical conductivities may affect the accuracy of the Root ZX in perforated teeth.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of Different Electroconductive Root Canal Irrigations on the Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Eman M. Yahya, Ashraf S. Alchalabi, Emad Farhan Alkhalidi
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2024; 14(3): 211. CrossRef
The precision of radiographic and electronic working length estimation methods in endodontics: A systematic review of clinical studies
Anithakumari Rangappa, Buvaneshwari Arul, Jayalakshmi Somasundaram, Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
Endodontology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of electronic apex locators and cone-beam computed tomography in detection of root canal perforation and working length during endodontic retreatment
Simay Koç, Hatice Harorlı, Alper Kuştarcı
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Accuracy and Reliability of Three Electronic Apex Locators in Determining the Apical Constriction of Molar Canals: A Micro-CT Evaluation
Reem M. Barakat, Rahaf A. Almohareb, Arwa O. Alharbi, Asma Alhazmi, Reem Alomar
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5199. CrossRef
Accuracy of the integrated electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforation under various irrigating solutions in an in vitro study
Chintan Joshi, Surabhi Joshi, Urooj Desai, Sweety Thumar, Aashray Patel, Ankita Khunt
Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences.2024; 23: e241118. CrossRef
The Accuracy of Different Apex Locator Systems in Detecting Root Perforations in the Presence of Different Irrigation Solutions
Oğuz Burhan Çetinkaya, Emre Çulha, Uğur Aydın
European Journal of Therapeutics.2023; 30(1): 39. CrossRef
In Vitro Comparison of the Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning and Electronic Apex Locators in Detection of Simulated Root Perforations in Different Localizations
Hatice Harorlı, Simay Koç, Alper Kuştarcı
Journal of Endodontics.2023; 49(12): 1676. CrossRef
Accuracy of different electronic apex locators in determination of minimum Root perforation diameter
Simay Koç, Alper Kuştarcı, Kürşat Er
Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(S1): 179. CrossRef
The influence of MTAD and QMix on the accuracy of electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforations
A Dumani, AA Ates, CS Ucan, S Yilmaz, I Unal, O Yoldas
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.2022; 25(3): 281. CrossRef
Synthesis and evaluation of grafted xanthan gum as a drug carrier in developing lornoxicam gel formulations
SandipAshok Murtale, PrakashS Goudanavar, NRaghavendra Naveen, WalaaF Alsanie, Majid Alhomrani, AbdulhakeemS Alamri, SyedMohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, MdKhalid Anwer, Nagaraja Sreeharsha, MazenAl Gharsan, Santosh Fattepur
Pharmacognosy Magazine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
KOMBİNE İRRİGASYON SOLÜSYONLARININ ELEKTRİKSEL İLETKENLİĞİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Ayşin DUMANİ, Şehnaz YILMAZ, Oğuz YOLDAŞ, Güray KILINÇÇEKER
Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi.2022; : 1. CrossRef
Accuracy of electronic apex locator in the presence of different irrigating solutions
Padmanabh Jha, Vineeta Nikhil, Shalya Raj, Rohit Ravinder, Preeti Mishra
Endodontology.2021; 33(4): 232. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: Propex IQ, Raypex 6, Root ZX, and Apex ID with CBCT and Periapical Radiograph—In Vitro Study
Okba Mahmoud, Mawada Hassan Awad Abdelmagied, Ahmad Hisham Dandashi, Bakr Nssaief Jasim, Hussam Alddin Tawfik Kayali, Saaid Al Shehadat, Luca Testarelli
International Journal of Dentistry.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
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Hiroo Tarao, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Amane Takei, Hiromichi Yumoto, Toshihiko Tominaga, Toshitaka Ikehara, Yosuke Kinouchi
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Confort visual en oficinas, factor temporal en la evaluación de deslumbramiento
J. Yamin, A. Pattini, E. Colombo
Informes de la Construcción.2020; 72(557): e329. CrossRef
The influence of two forms of chlorhexidine on the accuracy of contemporary electronic apex locators
Ewa Marek, Ryta Łagocka, Katarzyna Kot, Krzysztof Woźniak, Mariusz Lipski
BMC Oral Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficiency of an integrated apex locator in determining working length in various irrigating solutions: An in vivo study
RakeshReddy Chukka, MalatiDevi Bellam, NarenderReddy Marukala, Sainath Dinapadu, NareshKumar Konda, Jithender Nagilla
Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences.2020; 12(5): 410. CrossRef
Accuracy of two electronic apex locators in locating root perforations in curved canals in dry and wet conditions: A comparative in vitro study
MonishaParshotam Khatri, SheetalB Ghivari, Madhu Pujar, Reshma Faras, Pallavi Gopeshetti, Amulya Vanti
Dental Research Journal.2019; 16(6): 407. CrossRef
Consistency of electronic measurements of endodontic working length when using multiple devices from the same manufacturer—an in vitro study
Franziska Haupt, M Hülsmann
Clinical Oral Investigations.2018; 22(9): 3107. CrossRef
The Influence of Various Irrigants on the Accuracy of 2 Electronic Apex Locators in Locating Simulated Root Perforations
Demet Altunbaş, Alper Kuştarcı, Mustafa Toyoğlu
Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(3): 439. CrossRef
Accuracy and Repeatability of 3 Apex Locators in Locating Root Canal Perforations: An Ex Vivo Study
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Journal of Endodontics.2014; 40(8): 1241. CrossRef

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