Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Article

Assessment of mechanical allodynia in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth: a clinical study: Vaishnavi Ratnakar Patankar, Ashish K Jain, Rahul D Rao, Prajakta R Rao; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(3):e31. Published online July 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e31

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
The present study investigated the prevalence of mechanical allodynia (MA) in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth.
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study included 114 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in permanent mandibular first molars who possessed healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth. The mechanical sensitivity of the teeth was determined by percussion testing. The presence or absence of pain on percussion in the teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth and the tooth distal to the contralateral symmetrical tooth was recorded according to coding criteria. The prevalence of MA was computed as a percentage, and binary logistic regression analysis was done. The Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for binary and ordinal data.
Results
Age and sex did not influence the prevalence of MA. An increased prevalence of MA was found in patients with higher levels of spontaneous pain (p < 0.001). The prevalence of allodynia was 57% in teeth adjacent to endodontically diseased teeth and 10.5% in teeth contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. In addition, on the ipsilateral side, there were more painful sensations distal to the diseased tooth than mesially.
Conclusions
Despite being disease-free, teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth exhibited pain on percussion. There was a direct association between the severity of the patient’s pain and the presence of MA.

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Review Article

The prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation: a systematic review: Letícia Tainá de Oliveira Lemes, Carolina Horn Troian-Michel, Theodoro Weissheimer, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(2):e22. Published online May 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e22

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Objectives
This systematic review addressed the question: “What is the prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation?”
Materials and Methods
A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Grey Literature Report. Eligibility criteria were based on the condition, content, and population strategy: the condition was the radiographic prevalence of apical periodontitis, the content comprised patients scheduled for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the population consisted of adult and pediatric patients. The revised Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Exposure tool was used to assess the quality of studies. The Grading Recommendations Assessments, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the quality of evidence.
Results
Eight studies were included in this review. The average number of patients with apical periodontitis was 15.65% (range, 2.1%–43.34%). One study was classified as having a very high risk of bias, 1 with a high risk of bias, and 6 with some concern for bias. GRADE analysis showed a very low certainty of evidence. Significant limitations concerning the absence of control over confounding variables were identified.
Conclusions
With the caveat of the very low quality of evidence in the studies reviewed, there was a low to moderate prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients prior to undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.

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Research Articles

Prevalence of apical periodontitis and quality of root canal treatment in an adult Kuwaiti sub-population: a cross-sectional study: Abdulrahman A. Alhailaa, Saad A Al-Nazhan, Mazen A Aldosimani; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(2):e16. Published online March 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e16

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and the technical quality of root canal fillings in an adult Kuwaiti subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
Materials and Methods
Two experienced examiners analyzed 250 CBCT images obtained from Kuwaiti patients aged 15–65 years who attended government dental specialist clinics between January 2019 and September 2020. The assessment followed the radiographic scoring criteria proposed by De Moor for periapical status and the technical quality of root canal filling. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for statistical analysis, with significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results
Among the 2,762 examined teeth, 191 (6.91%) exhibited radiographic signs of AP, and 176 (6.37%) had undergone root canal filling. AP prevalence in root canal-treated teeth was 32.38%, with a significant difference between males and females. Most of the endodontically treated teeth exhibited adequate root canal filling (71.5%).
Conclusions
The study demonstrated a comparable prevalence of AP and satisfactory execution of root canal treatment compared to similar studies in different countries.

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Radiographic patterns of periosteal bone reactions associated with endodontic lesions: Poorya Jalali, Jessica Riccobono, Robert A. Augsburger, Mehrnaz Tahmasbi-Arashlow; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(3):e23. Published online June 8, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e23

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Objectives

The formation of new bone by periosteum due to an insult is called periosteal bone reaction (PBR). This study assessed the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) patterns of periosteal bone reactions associated with periapical inflammatory lesion (apical periodontitis/periapical rarefying osteitis).

Materials and Methods

Twenty-two small field of view CBCT images of patients with PBR were selected from a database of a private practice limited to endodontics. The volume of the periapical inflammatory lesion, the presence of cortical fenestration, the distance of the root apices to the affected cortex, and the location, pattern, and longest diameter of the periosteal reaction were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon Ranksum, Fischer’s exact, Spearman Correlation Coefficient, and paired t-test.

Results

In all cases, periosteal bone reaction manifested as either parallel (90.9%) or irregular (9.1%). No correlation was found between periapical inflammatory lesion volume and the periosteal reaction's longest diameter (p > 0.05). Cortical fenestration was noted in 72.7% of the cases. In addition, the findings showed that periosteal reactions were located mostly on the buccal and were present 53.8% and 100% of the time in the mandible and maxilla, respectively.

Conclusions

The periosteal reactions of endodontic origin had a nonaggressive form (i.e., parallel or irregular), and none of the lesions resulted in a periosteal reaction with an ominous Codman’s triangle or spicule pattern.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Garre’s osteomyelitis of the mandible managed by nonsurgical re-endodontic treatment
Heegyun Kim, Jiyoung Kwon, Hyun-Jung Kim, Soram Oh, Duck-Su Kim, Ji-Hyun Jang
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The influence of endodontic treatment quality on periapical lesions' architecture in cone‐beam computed tomography
Ewa Mackiewicz, Tobias Bonsmann, Krzysztof Safranow, Patrycja Nowicka, Janusz Kołecki, Alicja Nowicka
Australian Endodontic Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Apical periodontitis in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars: influence of anatomy and quality of root canal treatment, a CBCT study: Samantha Jannone Carrion, Marcelo Santos Coelho, Adriana de Jesus Soares, Marcos Frozoni; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(4):e37. Published online September 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e37

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in the mesiobuccal roots of root canal-treated maxillary molars.

Materials and Methods

One thousand cone-beam computed tomography images of the teeth were examined by 2 dental specialists in oral radiology and endodontics. The internal anatomy of the roots, Vertucci’s classification, quality of root canal treatment, and presence of missed canals were evaluated; additionally, the correlation between these variables and AP was ascertained.

Results

A total of 1,000 roots (692 first molars and 308 second molars) encompassing 1,549 canals were assessed, and the quality of the root canal filling in the majority (56.9%) of the canals was satisfactory. AP was observed in 54.4% of the teeth. A mesiolingual canal in the mesiobuccal root (MB2 canal) was observed in 54.9% of the images, and the majority (83.5%) of these canals were not filled. Significant associations were observed between the presence of an MB2 canal and the quality of the root canal filling and the presence of AP.

Conclusions

AP was detected in more than half of the images. The MB2 canals were frequently missed or poorly filled.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Anatomical Configuration of the MB2 Canal Using High-Resolution Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Luciana Magrin Blank-Gonçalves, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva, Monikelly do Carmo Chagas Nascimento, Ana Grasiela Limoeiro, Luiz Roberto Coutinho Manhães-Jr
Journal of Endodontics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Retrospective study of the morphology of third maxillary molars among the population of Lower Silesia based on analysis of cone beam computed tomography
Anna Olczyk, Barbara Malicka, Katarzyna Skośkiewicz-Malinowska, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(2): e0299123. CrossRef
Relationship between apical periodontitis and missed canals in mesio-buccal roots of maxillary molars: CBCT study
Badi B. Alotaibi, Kiran I. Khan, Muhammad Q. Javed, Smita D. Dutta, Safia S. Shaikh, Nawaf M. Almutairi
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2024; 19(1): 18. CrossRef
APICAL PERIODONTITIS IN MAXILLARY MOLARS WITH MISSED SECOND MESIO-BUCCAL ROOT CANAL: A CBCT STUDY
Cristina Coralia Nistor, Ioana Suciu , Ecaterina Ionescu , Anca Dragomirescu , Elena Coculescu , Andreea Baluta
Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2024; 16(3): 100. CrossRef
Anatomic Comparison of Contralateral Maxillary Second Molars Using High-Resolution Micro-CT
Ghassan Dandache, Umut Aksoy, Mehmet Birol Ozel, Kaan Orhan
Symmetry.2023; 15(2): 420. CrossRef

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5 Crossref

Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post-endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Néstor Ríos-Osorio, Hernan Darío Muñoz-Alvear, Fabio Andrés Jiménez-Castellanos, Sara Quijano-Guauque, Oscar Jiménez-Peña, Herney Andrés García-Perdomo, Javier Caviedes-Bucheli; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(3):e27. Published online June 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e27

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of cigarette smoking with the prevalence of post-endodontic apical periodontitis in humans.
Materials and Methods
We searched through PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to December 2020. Risk of bias was performed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies. We performed the statistical analysis in Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3).
Results
6 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Statistical analysis of these studies suggests that there were no differences in the prevalence of post endodontic apical periodontitis (AP) when comparing non-smokers vs smoker subjects regarding patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–1.49; I2 = 58%) and teeth (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.99–2.93; I2 = 72%).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that there was no association between cigarette smoking and post-endodontic apical periodontitis, as we did not find statistical differences in the prevalence of post-endodontic AP when comparing non-smokers vs smoker subjects. Therefore, smoking should not be considered a risk factor associated with endodontic failure.

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Case Reports

Revitalization of necrotic mature permanent incisors with apical periodontitis: a case report: Emre Nagas, M. Ozgur Uyanik, Zafer C. Cehreli; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(3):e31. Published online July 5, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e31

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Despite considerable focus on the regenerative endodontic treatment of immature teeth with necrotic infected pulps and apical periodontitis, little data exist with regard to its possible implementation in necrotic permanent teeth with complete apical and radicular development. The present report describes the procedures and outcome of a regenerative endodontic treatment approach in 2 previously-traumatized incisors with closed apex with apical periodontitis. A 2-visit treatment procedure was employed. At initial visit, the root canals were copiously irrigated, followed by placement of a triple antibiotic paste containing ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and clindamycin into the root canals. After 4 weeks, the antibiotic paste was removed, and apical bleeding was initiated with size 10 hand files beyond the apices. The root canals were coronally sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the access cavities were restored with bonded resin composite. At post-operative 60 months, both teeth were remained asymptomatic, with the recall radiographs showing complete resolution of apical radiolucency and reestablishment of periradicular tissues. In both teeth, the dimensions of root space remained unchanged as verified by image analysis. The revitalization protocol utilizing root canal disinfection and induced apical bleeding in necrotic, closed-apex incisors may offer a clinically acceptable alternative to conventional root canal treatment.

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Regenerative potential of concentrated growth factor compared to platelet-rich fibrin in treatment of necrotic mature teeth: a randomized clinical trial
Taghreed Salah, Wael Hussein, Heba Abdelkafy
BDJ Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Pulp Revascularization in the Treatment of Apical Periodontitis in Mature Necrotic Teeth: An Umbrella Review
Wanderson Limeira de Sousa Barbosa, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Márcia Valente de Brito Dantas, Rômulo Dias Jesuino, João Marcos da Costa Ribeiro, Walbert A. Vieira, Felipe de Souza Matos
Australian Endodontic Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Revolutionizing Endodontics: Innovative Approaches for Treating Mature Teeth With Closed Apices and Apical Lesions: A Report of Two Cases
Claudia Brizuela, Gastón Meza, Maroun Khoury
Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(5): 596. CrossRef
Current Aspects of Regenerative Endodontics: A Systematic Review
A. V. Mitronin, K. A. Archakov, D. A. Ostanina, Yu. A. Mitronin, T. V. Khizrieva
Endodontics Today.2024; 21(4): 287. CrossRef
Correlation between pulp sensibility and magnetic resonance signal intensity following regenerative endodontic procedures in mature necrotic teeth- a retrospective cohort study
Noha Mohamed El-Kateb, Amr Mohamed Abdallah, Rania Noaman ElBackly
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of periapical lesion size on healing outcome following regenerative endodontic procedures: a clinical investigation
Noha Mohamed El Kateb, Mahmoud Mostafa Fata
Oral Radiology.2022; 38(4): 480. CrossRef
Do alternative scaffolds used in regenerative endodontics promote better root development than that achieved with blood clots?
Letícia de Araújo, Taynara Santos Goulart, Ana Clara Kuerten Gil, Daniela Peressoni Vieira Schuldt, Beatriz Serrato Coelho, Daniela de Rossi Figueiredo, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia, Josiane de Almeida
Brazilian Dental Journal.2022; 33(2): 22. CrossRef
Endodontic Regenerative Procedures in Necrotic Adult Teeth
Sara Garrido-Parada, Pablo Castelo-Baz, Nancy Feijoo-Pato, José Gaviño-Orduña, Benjamín Martín-Biedma
Applied Sciences.2022; 12(9): 4212. CrossRef
Combined conventional and regenerative treatment in molars with coexistent closed and open apices: A case series
Zafer C. Cehreli, Gizem Erbas Unverdi, Pinar Eymirli, Irem Mergen, Ezgihan Arslan, Gulce Esenturk
Australian Endodontic Journal.2022; 48(1): 197. CrossRef
Regenerative Endodontic Procedures for the Treatment of Necrotic Mature Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Antonios Glynis, Federico Foschi, Ismini Kefalou, Despina Koletsi, Giorgos N. Tzanetakis
Journal of Endodontics.2021; 47(6): 873. CrossRef
Different Approaches to the Regeneration of Dental Tissues in Regenerative Endodontics
Anna M. Krupińska, Katarzyna Skośkiewicz-Malinowska, Tomasz Staniowski
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(4): 1699. CrossRef
Quantitative Assessment of Intracanal Regenerated Tissues after Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Mature Teeth Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Noha Mohamed El-Kateb, Rania Noaman El-Backly, Wessam Mohamed Amin, Amr Mohamed Abdalla
Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(5): 563. CrossRef

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Management of large class II lesions in molars: how to restore and when to perform surgical crown lengthening?: Ana Belén Dablanca-Blanco, Juan Blanco-Carrión, Benjamín Martín-Biedma, Purificación Varela-Patiño, Alba Bello-Castro, Pablo Castelo-Baz; Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(3):240-252. Published online August 3, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.3.240

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The restoration of endodontic tooth is always a challenge for the clinician, not only due to excessive loss of tooth structure but also invasion of the biological width due to large decayed lesions. In this paper, the 7 most common clinical scenarios in molars with class II lesions ever deeper were examined. This includes both the type of restoration (direct or indirect) and the management of the cavity margin, such as the need for deep margin elevation (DME) or crown lengthening. It is necessary to have the DME when the healthy tooth remnant is in the sulcus or at the epithelium level. For caries that reaches the connective tissue or the bone crest, crown lengthening is required. Endocrowns are a good treatment option in the endodontically treated tooth when the loss of structure is advanced.

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Deep margin elevation in restorative dentistry: A scoping review
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Application of one-piece endodontic crowns fabricated with CAD-CAM system to molars
Haruto Hiraba, Kensuke Nishio, Yoshimasa Takeuchi, Takashi Ito, Tetsuo Yamamori, Atsushi Kamimoto
Japanese Dental Science Review.2024; 60: 81. CrossRef
Structurally compromised teeth. Part II: A novel approach to peripheral build up procedures
Guido Fichera, Claudia Mazzitelli, Vincenzo Picciariello, Tatjana Maravic, Uros Josic, Annalisa Mazzoni, Lorenzo Breschi
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 36(1): 20. CrossRef
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Alessandra REIS, Victor Pinheiro FEITOSA, Ana Cláudia CHIBINSKI, Michael Willian FAVORETO, Mario Felipe GUTIERREZ, Alessandro Dourado LOGUERCIO
Journal of Applied Oral Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative clinical evaluation of correct anatomic contour and tight contact in Class II direct composite restoration using two newer contact forming instruments
Jaimini Patel, Nimisha C. Shah, Meetkumar Dedania, Deebah Choudhary, Nidhi Bharti, Aishwarya Jain
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(11): 1135. CrossRef
Effect of Deep Margin Elevation on the Pulpal and Periodontal Health of Teeth: A Systematic Review
S Srirama, S Jain, B Arul, K Prabakar, V Natanasabapathy
Operative Dentistry.2024; 49(4): 388. CrossRef
New Technique for Wedge Selection in Direct Class II Restorations: A Pilot Study
Tania Gancedo-Gancedo, Benjamín Martín-Biedma, Javier Domínguez-Cachón, Sara Garrido-Parada, Victoria Ababii, Patricia Pereira-Lores, Sandra García-Varela, Pablo Castelo-Baz
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Ali Robaian, Abdullah Alqahtani, Khalid Alanazi, Abdulrhman Alanazi, Meshal Almalki, Anas Aljarad, Refal Albaijan, Ahmed Maawadh, Aref Sufyan, Mubashir Baig Mirza
Medicina.2023; 59(4): 661. CrossRef
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Pascal Magne
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2023; 130(4): 434. CrossRef
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Zeineb Riahi, Belhassen Harzallah, Mounir Cherif, Dalenda Hadyaoui, Imen Kalghoum, Oumayma Mejri
CODS - Journal of Dentistry.2023; 14(2): 61. CrossRef
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Avantika Rani, Shiva Shankar Gummaluri, Hirak S. Bhattacharya, Preeti Bhattacharya, Sumbul Saifi, saummya singh
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R.A. Bresser, D. Gerdolle, I.A. van den Heijkant, L.M.A. Sluiter-Pouwels, M.S. Cune, M.M.M. Gresnigt
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How biomechanics can affect the endodontic treated teeth and their restorative procedures?
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Brazilian Oral Research.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Review Article

Epigenetics: general characteristics and implications for oral health: Ji-Yun Seo, Yoon-Jung Park, Young-Ah Yi, Ji-Yun Hwang, In-Bog Lee, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Ho-Hyun Son, Deog-Gyu Seo; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(1):14-22. Published online November 13, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.1.14

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Genetic information such as DNA sequences has been limited to fully explain mechanisms of gene regulation and disease process. Epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs, can regulate gene expression and affect progression of disease. Although studies focused on epigenetics are being actively investigated in the field of medicine and biology, epigenetics in dental research is at the early stages. However, studies on epigenetics in dentistry deserve attention because epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in gene expression during tooth development and may affect oral diseases. In addition, understanding of epigenetic alteration is important for developing new therapeutic methods. This review article aims to outline the general features of epigenetic mechanisms and describe its future implications in the field of dentistry.

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Biological Trace Element Research.2024; 202(1): 221. CrossRef
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Downregulation of miRNA‐26 in chronic periodontitis interferes with innate immune responses and cell migration by targeting phospholipase C beta 1
Juhi R. Uttamani, Afsar R. Naqvi, Araceli Maria Valverde Estepa, Varun Kulkarni, Maria F. Brambila, Gloria Martínez, Gabriela Chapa, Christine D. Wu, Wei Li, Sona Rivas‐Tumanyan, Salvador Nares
Journal of Clinical Periodontology.2023; 50(1): 102. CrossRef
The Potential Role of Epigenetic Modifications on Different Facets in the Periodontal Pathogenesis
Samuel Laberge, Daniel Akoum, Piotr Wlodarczyk, Jean-Daniel Massé, Dominique Fournier, Abdelhabib Semlali
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Case Report

Necrosis of intact premolar caused by an adjacent apical infection: a case report: Saeed Asgary, Laleh Alim Marvasti; Restor Dent Endod 2013;38(2):90-92. Published online May 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.2.90

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Although periapical inflammatory lesions are usually resulted by infection in the root canal system, this rare case showed that a periapical lesion related to an infected tooth may cause pulpal necrosis in adjacent intact tooth, with no history or clinical signs of caries, disease, trauma or developmental anomaly. This case also suggests that the periapical lesion can be treated conservatively, without surgical intervention. Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of prompt treatment of apical periodontitis before the lesion becomes extensive as well as follows up of large lesions.

Citations

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Atypically grown large periradicular cyst affecting adjacent teeth and leading to confounding diagnosis of non‐endodontic pathology
Domenico Ricucci, Massimiliano Amantea, Christian Girone, José F. Siqueira
Australian Endodontic Journal.2020; 46(2): 272. CrossRef

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Research Article

Effects of canal enlargement and irrigation needle depth on the cleaning of the root canal system at 3 mm from the apex: Ho-Jin Moon, Chan-Ui Hong; Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(1):24-28. Published online March 2, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.24

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis, that the effectiveness of irrigation in removing smear layer in the apical third of root canal system is dependent on the depth of placement of the irrigation needle into the root canal and the enlargement size of the canal.

Materials and Methods

Eighty sound human lower incisors were divided into eight groups according to the enlargement size (#25, #30, #35 and #40) and the needle penetration depth (3 mm from working length, WL-3 mm and 9 mm from working length, WL-9 mm). Each canal was enlarged to working length with Profile.06 Rotary Ni-Ti files and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl. Then, each canal received a final irrigation with 3 mL of 3% EDTA for 4 min, followed by 5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl at different level (WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm) from working length. Each specimen was prepared for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photographs of the 3mm area from the apical constriction of each canal with a magnification of ×250, ×500, ×1,000, ×2,500 were taken for the final evaluation.

Results

Removal of smear layer in WL-3 mm group showed a significantly different effect when the canal was enlarged to larger than #30. There was a significant difference in removing apical smear layer between the needle penetration depth of WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm.

Conclusions

Removal of smear layer from the apical portion of root canals was effectively accomplished with apical instrumentation to #35/40 06 taper file and 3 mm needle penetration from the working length.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Numerical Evaluation of Flow Pattern for Root Canal Irrigation Including icrobubbles
Joon Hyun Kim, Chan U Lee, Inwhan Lee, Jaeyong Sung
Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers.2023; 32(5): 251. CrossRef

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Basic Research

Microbial profile of asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth with primary endodontic infections by pyrosequencing: Sang-Min Lim, Tae-Kwon Lee, Eun-Jeong Kim, Jun-Hong Park, Yoon Lee, Kwang-Shik Bae, Kee-Yeon Kum; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2011;36(6):498-505. Published online November 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2011.36.6.498

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate the microbial diversity in symptomatic and asymptomatic canals with primary endodontic infections by using GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing.

Materials and Methods

Sequencing was performed on 6 teeth (symptomatic, n = 3; asymptomatic, n = 3) with primary endodontic infections. Amplicons from hypervariable region of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene were generated by polymerized chain reaction (PCR), and sequenced by means of the GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing.

Results

On average, 10,639 and 45,455 16S rRNA sequences for asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth were obtained, respectively. Based on Ribosomal Database Project Classifier analysis, pyrosequencing identified the 141 bacterial genera in 13 phyla. The vast majority of sequences belonged to one of the seven phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochetes, and Synergistetes. In genus level, Pyramidobacter, Streptococcus, and Leptotrichia constituted about 50% of microbial profile in asymptomatic teeth, whereas Neisseria, Propionibacterium, and Tessaracoccus were frequently found in symptomatic teeth (69%). Grouping the sequences in operational taxonomic units (3%) yielded 450 and 1,997 species level phylotypes in asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth, respectively. The total bacteria counts were significantly higher in symptomatic teeth than that of asymptomatic teeth (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing could reveal a previously unidentified high bacterial diversity in primary endodontic infections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Root Canal Microbiome Associated With Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis as Determined by High-Throughput Sequencing
Rodrigo Rodrigues Amaral, Tiago Braga, José F. Siqueira, Isabela N. Rôças, Caio Tavora Coelho da Costa Rachid, Anna Gabriella Guimarães Oliveira, Maria Ilma de Souza Côrtes, Robert Mattew Love
Journal of Endodontics.2022; 48(4): 487. CrossRef
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the root canal microbiome
José F. Siqueira, Isabela N. Rôças
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S1): 46. CrossRef
Oral microbiomes in children with asthma and dental caries
Sergey V. Cherkasov, Larisa Yu. Popova, Tatyana V. Vivtanenko, Rimma R. Demina, Yuri A. Khlopko, Alexander S. Balkin, Andrey O. Plotnikov
Oral Diseases.2019; 25(3): 898. CrossRef
Insights into the human oral microbiome
Digvijay Verma, Pankaj Kumar Garg, Ashok Kumar Dubey
Archives of Microbiology.2018; 200(4): 525. CrossRef
Solving the etiology of dental caries
Aurea Simón-Soro, Alex Mira
Trends in Microbiology.2015; 23(2): 76. CrossRef
Present status and future directions in endodontic microbiology
José F. Siqueira, Isabela N. Rôças
Endodontic Topics.2014; 30(1): 3. CrossRef
Application of high-throughput sequencing in understanding human oral microbiome related with health and disease
Hui Chen, Wen Jiang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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