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Research Articles
Proximity of the mandibular molar root apex from the buccal bone surface: a cone-beam computed tomographic study
Dokyung Kim, Jung-Hong Ha, Myoung-Uk Jin, Young-Kyung Kim, Sung Kyo Kim
Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(3):182-188.   Published online July 14, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.182
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proximity of the mandibular molar apex to the buccal bone surface in order to provide anatomic information for apical surgery.

Materials and Methods

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 127 mandibular first molars and 153 mandibular second molars were analyzed from 160 patients' records. The distance was measured from the buccal bone surface to the root apex and the apical 3.0 mm on the cross-sectional view of CBCT.

Results

The second molar apex and apical 3 mm were located significantly deeper relative to the buccal bone surface compared with the first molar (p < 0.01). For the mandibular second molars, the distance from the buccal bone surface to the root apex was significantly shorter in patients over 70 years of age (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this distance was significantly shorter when the first molar was missing compared to nonmissing cases (p < 0.05). For the mandibular first molars, the distance to the distal root apex of one distal-rooted tooth was significantly greater than the distance to the disto-buccal root apex (p < 0.01). In mandibular second molar, the distance to the apex of C-shaped roots was significantly greater than the distance to the mesial root apex of non-C-shaped roots (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

For apical surgery in mandibular molars, the distance from the buccal bone surface to the apex and apical 3 mm is significantly affected by the location, patient age, an adjacent missing anterior tooth, and root configuration.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Expert consensus on intentional tooth replantation
    Zhengmei Lin, Dingming Huang, Shuheng Huang, Zhi Chen, Qing Yu, Benxiang Hou, Lihong Qiu, Wenxia Chen, Jiyao Li, Xiaoyan Wang, Zhengwei Huang, Jinhua Yu, Jin Zhao, Yihuai Pan, Shuang Pan, Deqin Yang, Weidong Niu, Qi Zhang, Shuli Deng, Jingzhi Ma, Xiuping
    International Journal of Oral Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Outcome of intentional replantation of endodontically treated teeth with periapical pathosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Faizan Javed, Kamil Zafar, Farhan R. Khan
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(S1): 494.     CrossRef
  • Proximity of maxillary molar apexes to the cortical bone surface and the maxillary sinus
    Han Shin Lee, Dokyung Kim, Sung Kyo Kim
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Alveolar bone thickness overlying healthy maxillary and mandibular teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Marziyeh Shafizadeh, Azita Tehranchi, Armin Shirvani, Saeed Reza Motamedian
    International Orthodontics.2021; 19(3): 389.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between the anatomic structures and mandibular posterior teeth for endodontic surgery in a Turkish population: a cone-beam computed tomographic analysis
    Zeliha Uğur Aydın, Duygu Göller Bulut
    Clinical Oral Investigations.2019; 23(9): 3637.     CrossRef
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Cutting efficiency of apical preparation using ultrasonic tips with microprojections: confocal laser scanning microscopy study
Sang-Won Kwak, Young-Mi Moon, Yeon-Jee Yoo, Seung-Ho Baek, WooCheol Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(4):276-281.   Published online July 22, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.276
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the cutting efficiency of a newly developed microprojection tip and a diamond-coated tip under two different engine powers.

Materials and Methods

The apical 3-mm of each root was resected, and root-end preparation was performed with upward and downward pressure using one of the ultrasonic tips, KIS-1D (Obtura Spartan) or JT-5B (B&L Biotech Ltd.). The ultrasonic engine was set to power-1 or -4. Forty teeth were randomly divided into four groups: K1 (KIS-1D / Power-1), J1 (JT-5B / Power-1), K4 (KIS-1D / Power-4), and J4 (JT-5B / Power-4). The total time required for root-end preparation was recorded. All teeth were resected and the apical parts were evaluated for the number and length of cracks using a confocal scanning micrscope. The size of the root-end cavity and the width of the remaining dentin were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a Mann-Whitney test.

Results

There was no significant difference in the time required between the instrument groups, but the power-4 groups showed reduced preparation time for both instrument groups (p < 0.05). The K4 and J4 groups with a power-4 showed a significantly higher crack formation and a longer crack irrespective of the instruments. There was no significant difference in the remaining dentin thickness or any of the parameters after preparation.

Conclusions

Ultrasonic tips with microprojections would be an option to substitute for the conventional ultrasonic tips with a diamond coating with the same clinical efficiency.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effectiveness of Sectioning Method and Filling Materials on Roughness and Cell Attachments in Root Resection Procedure
    Tarek Ashi, Naji Kharouf, Olivier Etienne, Bérangère Cournault, Pierre Klienkoff, Varvara Gribova, Youssef Haikel
    European Journal of Dentistry.2025; 19(01): 240.     CrossRef
  • Questioning the spot light on Hi-tech endodontics
    Jojo Kottoor, Denzil Albuquerque
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2016; 41(1): 80.     CrossRef
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