Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Evaluation of apical canal shapes produced sequentially during instrumentation with stainless steel hand and Ni-Ti rotary instruments using Micro-computed tomography: Woo-Jin Lee, Jeong-Ho Lee, Kyung-A Chun, Min-Seock Seo, Yeon-Jee Yoo, Seung-Ho Baek; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2011;36(3):231-237. Published online May 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2011.36.3.231

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal master apical file size with minimal transportation and optimal efficiency in removing infected dentin. We evaluated the transportation of the canal center and the change in untouched areas after sequential preparation with a #25 to #40 file using 3 different instruments: stainless steel K-type (SS K-file) hand file, ProFile and LightSpeed using microcomputed tomography (MCT).
Materials and Methods
Thirty extracted human mandibular molars with separated orifices and apical foramens on mesial canals were used. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups: SS K-file, Profile, LightSpeed and the root canals were instrumented using corresponding instruments from #20 to #40. All teeth were scanned with MCT before and after instrumentation. Cross section images were used to evaluate canal transportation and untouched area at 1- , 2- , 3- , and 5- mm level from the apex. Data were statistically analyzed according to' repeated nested design'and Mann-Whitney test (p = 0.05).
Results
In SS K-file group, canal transportation was significantly increased over #30 instrument. In the ProFile group, canal transportation was significantly increased after preparation with the #40 instrument at the 1- and 2- mm levels. LightSpeed group showed better centering ability than ProFile group after preparation with the #40 instrument at the 1 and 2 mm levels.
Conclusions
SS K-file, Profile, and LightSpeed showed differences in the degree of apical transportation depending on the size of the master apical file.

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Apical prepration size in infected root canals: Kee-Yeon Kum; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2010;35(1):1-4. Published online January 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.1.001

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The final preparation (MAF) size in infected root canals is still controversial. Nonetheless, recent studies demonstrated that larger apical preparation sizes produces a greater reduction in remaining bacteria and dentinal debris as compared to smaller apical preparation sizes. Therefore, clinicians should be practiced with treatment strategies guided by evidence-based information, especially in infected/failed root canals.

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A comparison of master apical file size according to instrumentation in type II root canal: Eun-Ju Jeong, Dong-Kyun Lee, Shin-Young Baek, Ho-Keel Hwang; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(5):435-442. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.5.435

Type II root canal was defined that two canals leave the chamber and merge to form a single canal at short of the apex. The aim of this study was to analyse the master apical file (MAF) size according to various instrumentation techniques in the type II root canal when each canal was enlarged to working length.

Eighty mesial roots of molar with ISO #15 initial apical file (IAF) size in type II root canals were randomly divided into four experimental groups with 20 teeth each. According to enlarging instruments, four groups are: K-FLEXOFILE® (KF), engine-driven Ni-Ti PROTAPER® (PT), HERO Shaper® (HS), K³ ™ (K3). All canals were enlarged to each working length with ISO #30 size: #30 in KF, F3 in PT, .04/30 in HS, and .06/30 in K3. The master apical file (MAF) size was confirmed by tactile sensation and universal testing machine (EZ test, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan). The mean MAF size was statistically compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test at the 0.05 probability level.

These results show that the MAF size was appeared one or two sizes larger than the final enlarging instrument when all canal in type II configuration were enlarged to each working length. Therefore, the clinician have to confirm the apical stop once more after instrumentation of type II root canal.

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