Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

The influence of bioactive glass (BGS-7) on enamel remineralization: an in vitro study: Chaeyoung Lee, Eunseon Jeong, Kun-Hwa Sung, Su-Jung Park, Yoorina Choi; Restor Dent Endod 2025;50(4):e33. Published online October 15, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2025.50.e33

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the remineralizing capacity of bioactive glass (BGS-7, CGBIO) with other agents.
Methods
Twenty caries-free third molars were sectioned and demineralized. Specimens were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) Clinpro XT varnish (Solventum), (3) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel, and (4) a new type of CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 system of bioactive glass ceramics (BGS-7). Agents were applied and stored in simulated body fluid at 37℃ for 2 weeks. Microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness testing method. Five specimens per group were analyzed using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) to assess mineral loss. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to examine the surface morphology and elemental composition. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05).
Results
BGS-7 showed the highest microhardness values and the greatest recovery in QLF analysis (p < 0.05). FE-SEM revealed granular precipitates on demineralized enamel in the BGS-7 group. EDS confirmed the presence of newly formed silicon and fluoride layers.
Conclusions
BGS-7 demonstrated superior remineralization capacity compared to other agents, suggesting its potential as an effective remineralizing material.

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The effect of using nanoparticles in bioactive glass on its antimicrobial properties: Maram Farouk Obeid, Kareim Moustafa El-Batouty, Mohammed Aslam; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(4):e58. Published online October 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e58

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study addresses the effect of using nanoparticles (np) on the antimicrobial properties of bioactive glass (BAG) when used in intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms.

Materials and Methods

E. faecalis biofilms, grown inside 90 root canals for 21 days, were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the antimicrobial regimen followed (n = 20; BAG-np, BAG, calcium hydroxide [CaOH], and saline). After 1 week, residual live bacteria were quantified in terms of colony-forming units (CFU), while dead bacteria were assessed with a confocal laser scanning microscope.

Results

Although there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean CFU value among all groups, the nano-group performed the best. The highest percentage of dead bacteria was detected in the BAG-np group, with a significant difference from the BAG group.

Conclusions

The reduction of particle size and use of a nano-form of BAG improved the antimicrobial properties of the intracanal treatment of E. faecalis biofilms

Citations

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Size matters: Radiation shielding superiority of borate glasses with nano vs. micro ZnO
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin, M.I. Sayyed, M. Elsafi
Nuclear Engineering and Technology.2025; 57(9): 103614. CrossRef
Effect of Chitosan and bioactive glass nanomaterials as intracanal medicaments on TGF-β1 release from intraradicular dentin
Sarah Salah Hashem, Mohammed M. Khalefa, Mahmoud Hassan Mohamed, Hemat M. ELSheikh, Fatma Abd El-Rahman Taher
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Er: YAG laser, phthalocyanine activated photodynamic therapy, and bioactive glass nanoparticles on smear layer removal and push out bond strength of quartz fiber posts to canal dentin: a SEM assessment
Okba Mahmoud, Erum Zain
Frontiers in Dental Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancements in Root Canal Therapy: Translational Innovations and the Role of Nanoparticles in Endodontic Treatment
Noha M. Badawi, Mohamed M. Kataia, Hadeel A. Mousa, Mozhgan Afshari
Journal of Nanotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Propolis in Endodontics—Unveiling Its Therapeutic Potential: A Narrative Review
Poorani Durai, Santha Devy A, Mithila Mohan, Harish Ramalingam, Shasidharan P, Rahul Chaurasia M
World Journal of Dentistry.2025; 16(10): 959. CrossRef
Application of Nanomaterials in Endodontics
Farzaneh Afkhami, Yuan Chen, Laurence J. Walsh, Ove A. Peters, Chun Xu
BME Frontiers.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antimicrobial efficacy of newly prepared nano-tricalcium silicate-58s bioactive glass-based endodontic sealer
Nawal Atiya Al-Sabawi, Sawsan Hameed Al-Jubori
Endodontology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antimicrobial Effects of Formulations of Various Nanoparticles and Calcium Hydroxide as Intra-canal Medications Against Enterococcus faecalis: A Systematic Review
Seema H Bukhari, Dax Abraham, Shakila Mahesh
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of nanoparticles on antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicament: A scoping review
Alpa Gupta, Arundeep Singh, Vivek Aggarwal
Endodontology.2023; 35(4): 283. CrossRef
Physical properties, marginal adaptation and bioactivity of an experimental mineral trioxide aggregate-like cement modified with bioactive materials
Abigailt Flores-Ledesma, Adriana Tejeda-Cruz, María A. Moyaho-Bernal, Ana Wintergerst, Yoshamin A. Moreno-Vargas, Jacqueline A. Rodríguez-Chávez, Carlos E. Cuevas-Suárez, Kenya Gutiérrez-Estrada, Jesús A. Arenas-Alatorre
Journal of Oral Science.2023; 65(2): 141. CrossRef
Nanopartículas antimicrobianas en endodoncia: Revisión narrativa
Gustavo Adolfo Tovar Rangel , Fanny Mildred González Sáenz , Ingrid Ximena Zamora Córdoba , Lina María García Zapata
Revista Estomatología.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Effect of three nanobiomaterials on microhardness of bleached enamel: Maryam Khoroushi, Farinaz Shirban, Sara Kaveh, Samaneh Doustfateme; Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(3):196-201. Published online July 14, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.196

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating three different nanobiomaterials into bleaching material on microhardness of bleached enamel.

Materials and Methods

The crowns of 24 extracted sound human molars were sectioned. Sixty enamel specimens (2 × 3 × 4 mm) were selected and divided into five groups (n = 12): Group 1 received no bleaching procedure (control); Group 2 underwent bleaching with a 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel; Groups 3, 4, and 5 were bleached with a 40% HP gel modified by incorporation of bioactive glass (BAG), amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and hydroxyapatite (HA), respectively. The enamel microhardness was evaluated. The differences in Knoop microhardness data of each group were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey tests.

Results

Significant differences were observed between the study groups. The enamel microhardness changes in Groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 were significantly lower than that of Group 2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that incorporation of each one of the three tested biomaterials as remineralizing agents might be effective in decreasing enamel microhardness changes subsequent to in-office bleaching.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Protective role of calcium-based agents in dental bleaching gels: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and laboratory evidence
Gabriel Pereira Nunes, Renata de Oliveira Alves, Geórgia Rondó Peres, Matheus Henrique Faccioli Ragghianti, Priscila Toninatto Alves de Toledo, Alexandre Henrique dos Reis Prado, Carla Ferreira-Baptista, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
Clinical Oral Investigations.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Enamel Surface and Shear Bond Strength with Orthodontic Bracket at Different Time Intervals After Bleaching Treatment
Yu-Jin Lee, Ji-Yeon Hong, Hye-Min Ku, Song-Yi Yang
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2025; 25(2): 130. CrossRef
Effect of strontium fluorophosphate bioactive glass on color, microhardness and surface roughness of bleached enamel
Shiza Yezdani, Monisha Khatri, Sampath Vidhya, Sekar Mahalaxmi
Technology and Health Care.2024; 32(1): 285. CrossRef
In vitro evaluation of the effect of addition of biomaterials to carbamide peroxide on the bleaching efficacy and microhardness of enamel
Sowmya Kavoor, M. A. Ranjini, Naval Abdul Aziz, H. K. Ashok, Roopa R. Nadig
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(3): 310. CrossRef
Effect of hydrogen peroxide and its combination with nano-hydroxyapatite or nano-bioactive glass on the enamel demineralization and tooth color: An in vitro study
Elham Kheradmand, Alirea Daneshkazemi, Abdolrahim Davari, Maede Kave, Solmaz Ghanbarnejad
Dental Research Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Over‐the‐counter bleaching agents can help with tooth whitening maintenance
Olívia Santana Jorge, Carolina Noronha Ferraz de Arruda, Rafaella Tonani Torrieri, Rocio Geng Vivanco, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires‐de‐Souza
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2022; 34(2): 328. CrossRef
Effect of Indigenously Developed Nano-Hydroxyapatite Crystals from Chicken Egg Shell on the Surface Hardness of Bleached Human Enamel
Divya Kunam, Vidhya Sampath, Sujatha Manimaran, Mahalaxmi Sekar
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.2019; 10(3): 489. CrossRef
Influence of Time Intervals between Bleaching Procedures on Enamel Microhardness and Surface Roughness
Roberta Pimentel de Oliveira, Juliana Costa Pereira Baia, Mara Eliane Soares Ribeiro, Mario Honorato da Silva e Souza Junior, Sandro Cordeiro Loretto
The Open Dentistry Journal.2018; 12(1): 555. CrossRef

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