Warning: mkdir(): Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 81

Warning: fopen(upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-12.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 83

Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 84
The comparison of gene expression from human dental pulp cells and periodontal ligament cells


Your browser does not support the NLM PubReader view.

Go to this page to see a list of supporting browsers.

The comparison of gene expression from human dental pulp cells and periodontal ligament cells

Article information

Restor Dent Endod. 2009;34(5):430-441
Publication date (electronic) : 2009 September 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.5.430
Hyoun So, Sang-Hyuk Park, Gi-Woon Choi
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Graduate of Kyung Hee University, Korea.
Corresponding Author: Gi-Woon Choi. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Graduate of Kyung Hee University, 1, Hoegi Dong, Dongdaemun Gu, Seoul, Korea, 130-702. Tel: 82-2-958-9336, gwchoi@khu.ac.kr
Received 2009 August 04; Revised 2009 September 03; Accepted 2009 September 04.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to characterize functional distinction between human dental pulp cells(PC) and periodontal ligament cells(PDLC) using cDNA microarray assay and to confirm the results of the microarray assay using RT-PCR. 3 genes out of 51 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PC were selected, and 3 genes out of 19 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PDLC were selected for RT-PCR as well.

According to this study, the results were as follows:

1. From the microarray assay, 51 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PC than PDLC.

2. RT-PCR confirmed that ITGA4 and TGF β2 were more expressed in PC than in PDLC.

3. From the microarray assay, 19 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PDLC than PC.

4. RT-PCR confirmed that LUM, WISP1, and MMP1 were more expressed in PDLC than in PC.

From the present study, different expression of the genes between the PC and PDLC were characterized to show the genes which play an important role in dentinogenesis were more expressed from PC than PDLC, while the genes which were related with collagen synthesis were more expressed from PDLC than PC.

Keywords: cDNA microarray assay; human dental pulp cells; human periodontal ligament cells; RT-PCR; dentinogenesis; collagen synthesis

References

1. Ruch JV. In : Linde A, ed. Tooth morphogenesis and differentiation. Dentin and Dentinogenesis 1984. Boca Raton, FL: CRC press; 47–79.
2. Kikuchi H, Sawada T, Yahnagisawa T. Effects of a functional agar surface on in vitro dentinogenesis induced in proteolytically isolated agar-coated dental papillae in rat mandibular incisors. Arch Oral Biol 1996. 41871–883.
3. Ruch JV. Odontoblast differentiation and the formation of the odontoblast layer. J Dent Res 1985. 64 Spec No489–498.
4. Osman M, Ruch JV. Behavior of odontoblast and basal lamina of trypsin or EDTA-isolated mouse dental papillae in short-term culture. J Dent Res 1981. 601015–1027.
5. Ruch JV. Odontoblast commitment and differentiation. Biochem cell Biol 1998. 76923–938.
6. Gronthos S, Brahim J, W Li, Fisher LW, Cherman N, Boyde A, Denbesten P, Gehron Robey P, Shi S. Stem Cell Properties of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2002. 81(8)531–535.
7. Gronthos S, Mankani M, Brahim J, Robey PG, Shi S. Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2000. 9713625–13630.
8. Miura M, Gronthos S, Zhao M, Lu B, Fisher LW, Robey PG, Shi S. SHED: Stem cells from human exfoliated decidous teeth. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2003. 1005807–5812.
9. McCulloch CA. Origin and function of cells essential for periodontal repair: the role of fibroblasts in tissue homeostasis. Oral Dis 1995. 1(4)271–278.
10. Seo BM, Miura M, Gronthos S, Bartold PM, Batouli S, Brahim J, Young M, Robey PG, Wang CY, Shi S. Investigation of multipotent postnatal stem cells from human periodontal ligament. Lancet 2004. 364149–155.
11. Pääkkönen V, Ohlmeier S, Bermann U, Larmas M, Salo T, Tjäderhane L. Analysis of gene and protein expression in healthy and carious tooth pulp with cDNA microarray and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Eur J Oral Sci 2005. 113369–379.
12. Shi S, Robey PG, Gronthos S. Comparison of Human Dental Pulp and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by cDNA Microarray Analysis. Bone 2001. 29532–539.
13. Wang PL, Ohura K, Fujii T, Oido-Mori M, Kowashi Y, Kikuch M, Suetsugu Y, Tanaka J. DNA microarray analysis of human gingival fibroblasts from healthy and inflammatory gingival tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003. 305970–973.
14. Han X, Bolcato L, Amar S. Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in Cultured Human Osteoblasts Versus Human Fibroblasts by DNA Microarray Analysis. Connect Tissue Res 2002. 4363–75.
15. Nair PNR. Pathogenesis of Apical Periodontitis and the Cause of Endodontic Failures. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2004. 15(6)348–381.
16. Anand PS, Nandakumar K. Management of Periodontitis Associated with Endodontically Involved Teeth: A Case Series. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005. 6(2)118–129.
17. Satchell PG, Gutmann JL, Witherspoon DE. Apoptosis: an introduction for the endodontist. Int Endod J 2003. 36237–245.
18. Han X, Amar S. Identification of genes differentially expressed in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts vs. human gingival fibroblasts by DNA microarray analysis. J Dent Res 2002. 81(6)399–405.
19. Chen S, Santos L, Wu Y, Vuong R, Gay I, Schulze J, Chuang HH, MacDougall M. Altered gene expression in human cleidocranial dysplasia dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2005. 50227–236.
20. Kamata N, Fujimoto R, Tomonari M, Taki M, Nagayama M, Yasumoto S. Immortalization of human dental papilla, dental pulp, periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts by telomerase reverse transcriptase. J Oral Pathol Med 2004. 33417–423.
21. Silva TA, Rosa AL, Lara VS. Dentin matrix proteins and soluble factors: intrinsic regulatory signals for healing and resorption of dental and periodontal tissues. Oral Diseases 2004. 1063–74.
22. Asano M, Kubota S, Nakanishi T, Nishida T, Yamaai T, Yosimichi G, Ohyama K, Sugimoto T, Murayama Y, Takigawa M. Effect of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) on proliferation and differentiation of mouse periodontal ligament-derived cells. Cell Commun Signal 2005. 311.
23. Zhu Q, Safavi KE, Spanberg LS. Intergin expression in human dental pulp cells and their role in cell attachment on extracellular matrix proteins. J Endod 1998. 24(10)641–644.
24. Luthman J, Luthman D, Hokfelt T. Occurrence and distribution of different neurochemical markers in the human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 1992. 37(3)193–208.
25. Beck LS. In vivo induction of bone by recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 1. J Bone Miner Res 1991. 6961–968.
26. Machwate M, Julienne A, Moukhtar M. Temporal variation of c-fos proto-oncogene expression during osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis in developing rat bone. J Cell Biochem 1995. 5762–70.
27. Centrella M, McCarthy TL, Canalis E. Transforming growth factor beta and remodeling of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991. 731418–1428.
28. Ingram RT, Bonde SK, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. Effects of transforming growth factor beta and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the function, cytochemistry and morphology of normal human osteoblast-like cells. Differentiation 1994. 55153–163.
29. Ripamonti U, Duneas N, VandenHeever B, Bosch C, Crooks J. Recombinant transforming growth factor beta induces endochondral bone in the baboon and synergizes with recombinant osteogenic protein-1(bone morphorgenetic protein-7) to initiate rapid bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 1997. 121584–1595.
30. Rosen D, Miller SC, DeLeon E, Thompson AY, Bentz H, Mathews M, Adams S. Systemic adminstration of recombinant transforming growth factor beta 2 stimulates parameters of cancellous bone formation in juvenile and adult rats. Bone 1994. 15355–359.
31. Toyono T, Nakashima M, Kuhara S, Akamine A. Expression of TGF-beta superfamily receptors in dental pulp. J Dent Res 1997. 761555–1560.
32. Sloan AJ, Matthews JB, Smith AJ. TGF-beta receptor expression in human odontoblasts and pulp cells. Histochem J 1999. 31565–569.
33. Gusman H, Santana RB, Zehnder M. Matrix metalloproteinase and gelatinolytic activity in clinically healthy and inflammed human dental pulps. Eur J Oral Sci 2002. 110(5)353–357.
34. Shin SJ, Lee JI, Baek SH, Lim SS. Tissue levels of matrix metalloproteinase in pulps and periapical lesions. J Endod 2002. 28(4)313–315.
35. Lin SK, Wang CC, Huang S, Lee JJ, Chiang CP, Lan WH, Hong CY. Induction of dental pulp fibroblast matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 gene expression by interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha through a prostaglandin-dependent pathway. J Endod 2001. 27(3)185–189.
36. Ababneh KT, Hall RC, Embery G. The proteoglycans of human cementum : immunohistochemcal localization in healthy, periodontally involved and ageing teeth. J Periodontal Res 1999. 34(2)87–96.
37. Hall RC, Embery G, Lloyd D. Immunochemical localization of the small leucin-rich proteoglycan lumican in human predentin and dentin. Arch Oral Biol 1997. 42(10-11)783–786.
38. Chakravarti S, Wu F, Vij N, Roberts L, Joyce S. Microarray studies reveal macrophage-like function of stromal keratocytes in the cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004. 45(10)3475–3484.

Article information Continued

Copyright © 2009 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry
(open-access) :

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Figure 1

Figure 1

Overview of DNA microarray methology

Figure 2

Figure 2

Microarray Scanning Image

Figure 3

Figure 3

M-A plot

The log ratios(M=log2R/G) are plotted on the y-axis against the log of the geometric mean of the signal intensities (A=log2R×G/2). M, expression ratio; A, signal intensity; R, Red for Cy5; G, Green for Cy3.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Confirmation of differentially expressed genes observed in microarray results. Three genes (ITGA, NEFH, TGF β2) selected from the genes express more than two fold in pulp cells than periodontal ligament cells were analysed by RT-PCR.

Figure 5

Figure 5

Confirmation of differentially expressed genes observed in microarray results. Three genes (MMP1, WISP, LUM) selected from the genes express more than two fold in periodontal ligament cells than pulp cells were analysed by RT-PCR.

Table 1

Primers for RT-PCR

Table 1

Table 2

The genes expressed more than two fold from the cells cultured with PC than PDLC Ratio = log2 Cy5/Cy3 (Cy5: PDLC, Cy3: PC)

Table 2

Table 3

The genes expressed more than two fold from the cells cultured with PDLC than PC Ratio = log2 Cy5/Cy3 (Cy5: PDLC, Cy3: PC)

Table 3