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The effect of the pH of remineralized buffer solutions on dentin remineralization


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The effect of the pH of remineralized buffer solutions on dentin remineralization

Article information

Restor Dent Endod. 2007;32(2):151-161
Publication date (electronic) : 2007 March 31
doi : https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.151
Sung-Chul Kim, Bung-Duk Roh, Il-Young Jung, Chan-Young Lee
Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea.
Corresponding Author: Chan-Young Lee. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2228-8700, chanyoungl@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
Received 2007 January 25; Revised 2007 February 15; Accepted 2007 February 22.

Abstract

Dental caries is the most common disease in the oral cavity. However, the mechanism and treatment of dental caries is not completely understood since many complex factors are involved. Especially the effect of pH on remineralization of early stage of dental caries is still controversial.

In this study, dental caries in dentin was induced by using lactic acidulated buffering solutions and the loss of inorganic substance was measured. Also decalcified specimens were remineralized by three groups of solution with different pH (group of pH 4.3, 5.0, and 5.5). Then, the amount and the area of inorganic substance precipitation was quantitatively analyzed with microradiograph. Also a qualitative comparison of the normal phase, the demineralized phase, and the remineralized phase of hydroxyapatite crystal was made under SEM.

The results were as follows;

  1. In microradiograghic analysis, as the pH increased, the amount of remineralization in decalcified dentin tended to increase significantly. As the pH decreaced, deeper decalcification, however, occurred along with remineralization. The group of pH 5.5 had a tendency to be remineralized without demineralization (p < 0.05).

  2. In SEM view, the remineralization in dentine caries occurred from the hydroxyapatite crystal surface surrounding the mesh of organic matrix, and eventually filled up the demineralized area.

  3. 5 days after remineralization, hydroxyapatite crystal grew bigger with deposition of inorganic substance in pH 4.3 and 5.0 group, and the crystal in the remineralized area appeared to return to normal. After 10 days, the crystals in group of pH 4.3 and 5.0, which grew bigger after 5 days of remineralization, turned back to their normal size, but in group of pH 5.5, some crystals were found to double their size.

In according to the results of this experiment, the decalcifying and remineralizing process of dentine is neither simple nor independent, but a dynamic process in which decalcification and remineralization occur simultaneously. The remineralization process occurred from the hydroxyapatite crystal surface.

Keywords: Remineralization; Dentin; pH; Demineralization; Enamel; Scanning electron microscope

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2007 Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry
(open-access) :

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Figure 1

Figure 1

Quantitative mineral density change of dentin during de- & remineralization of pH 4.3 group.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Quantitative mineral density change of dentin during de- & remineralization of pH 5.0 group.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Quantitative mineral density change of dentin during de- & remineralization of pH 5.5 group.

Figure 4

Figure 4

SEM micrograph of normal dentin (× 100,000).

Figure 5

Figure 5

SEM micrograph of the demineralized dentin (× 100,000).

Figure 6

Figure 6

SEM micrograph of the remineralizeddentin of pH 4.3 group at 30 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 7

Figure 7

SEM micrograph of the demineralized dentin of pH 4.3 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 8

Figure 8

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.0 group at 50 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 9

Figure 9

SEM micrograph of the demineralized dentin of pH 5.0 group at 70 µm area from thesurface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 10

Figure 10

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.5 group at 40 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 11

Figure 11

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.5 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 12

Figure 12

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 4.3 group at 30 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 13

Figure 13

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 4.3 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 14

Figure 14

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.0 group at 50 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 15

Figure 15

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.0 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 16

Figure 16

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.5 group at 40 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Figure 17

Figure 17

SEM micrograph of the remineralized dentin of pH 5.5 group at 70 µm area from the surface layer (× 100,000).

Table 1

Initial composition of demineralization solution

Table 1

Table 2

Initial composition of remineralization solution

Table 2

Table 3

Quantitative mineral change (%) of dentin during de-& remineralization

Table 3

*: p < 0.05