Surface roughness of composite resin according to finishing methods

Article information

Restor Dent Endod. 2007;32(2):138-150

Publication date (electronic) : 2007 March 31

doi : https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.138

Jeong-Bum Min , Kong-Chul Cho , Young-Gon Cho

Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Young-Gon Cho. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 421 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-825, Korea. Tel: 82-62-220-3840, 3845, Fax: 82-62-232-9064, ygcho@chosun.ac.kr

Received 2007 January 08; Revised 2007 January 29; Accepted 2007 February 25.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of surface roughness of composite resin according to composite resin type, polishing methods, and use of resin sealant.

Two hundred rectangular specimens, sized 8 × 3 × 2 mm, were made of Micro-new (Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A) and Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A.), and divided into two groups; Micronew-M group, Filtek Supreme-S group. Specimens for each composite group were subdivided into five groups by finishing and polishing instruments used; M1 & S1 (polyester strip), M2 & S2 (Sof-Lex disc), M3 & S3 (Enhance disc and polishing paste), M4 & S4 (Astropol), and M5 & S5 (finishing bur). Polished groups were added letter B after the application of resin surface sealant (Biscover), eg, M1B and S1B.

After specimens were stored with distilled water for 24 hr, average surface roughness (Ra) was taken using a surface roughness tester. Representative specimens of each group were examined by FE-SEM (S-4700: Hitachi High Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan). The data were analysed using paired t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's tests at the 0.05 probability level. The results of this study were as follows;

The lowest Ra was achieved in all groups using polyester strip and the highest Ra was achieved in M5, S5 and M5B groups using finishing bur. On FE-SEM, M1 and S1 groups provided the smoothest surfaces, M5 and S5 groups were presented the roughest surfaces and voids by debonding of filler on the polished specimens.
There was no significant difference in Ra between Micronew and Filtek Supreme before the application of resin sealant, but Micronew was smoother than Filek Supreme after the application of resin sealant.
There was significant corelation between Ra of type of composite resin and polishing methods before the application of resin sealant (p = 0.000), but no significant interaction between them after the application of resin sealant. On FE-SEM, most of composite resin surfaces were smooth after the application of resin sealant on the polished specimens.
Compared with before and after the application of resin sealant in group treated in the same composite and polishing methods, Ra of M4B and M5B was statistically lower than that of M4 and M5, and S5B was lower than that of S5, respectively (p < 0.05).

In conclusion, surface roughness by polishing instruments was different according to type of composite resin. Overall, polyester strip produced the smoothest surface, but finishing bur produced the roughest surface. Application of resin sealant provided the smooth surfaces in specimens polished with Enhance, Astropol and finishing bur, but not provided them in specimens polished with Sof-Lex disc.

Keywords: Surface roughness; Finishing method; Polishing instrument; Resin sealant

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Figure 1

Histogram for average surface roughness (Ra) of each group.

Figure 2

Micronew surfaces polished with different systems and sealed with Biscover (× 500). Left: M1-Control surface (polyester strip); M2-polished with Sof-Lex; M3-polished with Enhance, M4-polished with Astropol, M5-polished with finishing bur, Right: M1B, M2B, M3B, M4B, and M5B were sealed M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 with Biscover respectively.

Figure 3

Filtek Supreme surfaces polished with different systems and sealed with Biscover (× 500). Left: S1-Control surface (polyester strip); S2-polished with Sof-Lex; S3-polished with Enhance, S4-polished with Astropol, S5-polished with finishing bur, Right: S1B, S2B, S3B, S4B, and S5B were sealed S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 with Biscover respectively.

Table 1

Resin matrix and filler of composite resins used

Bis-DMA: bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Bis-GMA: bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate,

UDMA: urethan dimethacrylate, TEGDMA: triethylene glycol dimethacrylate,

Bis-EMA: bisphenol A polyethylene glycol diether dimethacrylate

Table 2

Composition and sequence of finishing and polishing instruments used

Table 3

Group classification by composite type, polishing methods and resin sealant application

M: Micronew, S: Filtek Supreme, B: Biscover

Table 4

Average surface roughness (Ra) of each group before and after resin sealant application

Superscripts of the other letter indicate values of statistical significant difference

(p < 0.05, Duncan,s multiple comparison test). Ave: Average roughness

(^*): statistical significant difference between groups in the same composite and polishing method before and after resin sealant application (p < 0.05, paired t-test).

Table 5

Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA