The influence of the vital bleaching agents on translucency of the bovine enamel

Article information

Restor Dent Endod. 2005;30(3):178-183

Publication date (electronic) : 2005 May 31

doi : https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.3.178

Dong-Jun Kim ¹^,², Young-Ju Kim ¹^,², Hak-Geun Kim ¹^,², Eun-Jong Park ¹, Eun-Ju Seo ¹^,³, Yun-Chan Hwang ², Won-Mann Oh ², In-Nam Hwang ²

¹College of Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University, Korea.

²Department of Conservative Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University, Korea.

³Department of Periodontology, DSRI, Chonnam National University, Korea.

Corresponding author: In-Nam Hwang. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea, 501-757. Tel: 82-62-220-4443, Fax: 82-62-225-8387, hinso@jnu.ac.kr

Received 2004 September 06; Revised 2004 November 18; Accepted 2004 November 23.

Abstract

This study was done to evaluate whether vital bleaching agents could influence on the translucency of the bovine enamel. The anterior bovine teeth that were extracted one day before and without any gross discoloration were obtained and then were preserved in physiologic saline. 6 mm cylindrical tooth specimens were fabricated with diamond puncher perpendicularly on labial surface of bovine tooth. After embedded in transparent acrylic resin with labial surface being exposed, they were cut to a thickness of 1.2 mm with low speed diamond saw (Isomat, Buehler Co., Lake Bluff, IL, USA). They were smoothly ground to 1 mm thickness of enamel with sandpaper. 24 specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups and control group respectively. Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide, Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), Rembrandt (10% carbamide peroxide, DenMat, USA) and Opalescence F (15% carbamide peroxide with fluoride, Ultradent, USA) were applied on labial sides of the bovine enamel for 7 days (bleaching agents were reapplied every 24 hours) and the opposite surface was contacted to cotton that soaked in distilled water. The control group was soaked in distilled water. Three stimulus value X, Y and Z were evaluated with colorimeter (Color & Color Differencemeter, Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku Co., Japan) on the labial surface of all specimen three times on white and black background plate before the bleaching agents were applied and on 3rd, 5th and 7th day after applied. The degree of translucency was normally assessed by measuring the inverse property, opacity (contrast ratio).

10% Opalescence, 15% Opalescence-F, and control group showed no significant variation in the translucency of bovine enamel, However Rembrandt decreased the translucency of it (p < 0.01).

Keywords: Color of bovine enamel; Enamel translucency; Contrast ratio; Vital bleaching

References

1. Chapple JA. Restoring discolored teeth to normal. Dent Cosmos 1877. 19449.

2. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int 1989. 20173–176.

3. Haywood VB. History, safety, and effectiveness of current techniques and applications of the nightguard vital bleaching technique. Quintessence Int 1992. 23471–488.

4. Leonard RH, Sharma A, Haywood VB. Use of different concentrations of carbamide peroxide for bleaching teeth: An in vitro study. Quintessence Int 1998. 29503–507.

5. Haywood VB, Leech T, Heymann HO, Crumpler D, Bruggers K. Nightguard vital bleaching effect on enamel surface texture and diffusion. Quintessence Int 1990. 21801–804.

6. Hunsaker KJ, Christen GJ, Christensen RP. Tooth bleaching chemicals' influence on teeth and restoration. J Dent Res 1999. 69303.

7. White DJ, Kozak KM, Zoladz JR, Duschner HJ, Gotz H. Effects of tooth whitening gels on enamel and dentin ultrastructure: a confocal laser scanning microscopy pilot study. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl 2000. 29S29–S34.

8. Lopes GC, Bonissoni L, Baratieri LN, Vieira LC, Monteiro S Jr. Effect of bleaching agents on the hardness and morphology of enamel. J Esthet Restor Dent 2002. 14(1)24–30.

9. Bitter NC. A scanning electron microscopy study of the effect of bleaching agents on enamel: A preliminary report. J Prosthet Dent 1992. 67(6)852–855.

10. Potocnik I, Kosec L, Gaspersic D. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure, and mineral content. J Endod 2000. 26203–206.

11. McGuckin RS, Babin JF, Meyer BJ. Alternation in human enamel surface morphology following vital bleaching. J Prosthet Dent 1992. 68754–760.

12. Crisp S, Abel G, Wilson AD. The quantitative measurement of the opacity of aesthetic dental filling materials. J Dent Res 1979. 58(6)1585–1596.

13. Matis BA, Mousa HN, Cochran MA, Eckert GJ. Clinical evaluation of bleaching agents of different concentrations. Quintessence Int 2000. 31303–310.

14. Perdigao J, Francci C, Swift EJ Jr, Ambrose WW, Lopez M. Ultra-morphological study of the interaction of dental adhesives with carbamide peroxide-bleached enamel. Am J Dent 1998. 11291–301.

15. Bitter NC. A scanning electron microscopy study of the effect of bleaching agents on enamel: [a preliminary report]. J Prosthet Dent 1992. 67852–855.

16. McCracken MS, Haywood VB. Demineralization effects of 10 percent carbamide peroxide. J Dent 1996. 24395–398.

17. Shannon H, Spencer P, Gross K, Tira D. Characterization of enamel exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. Quintessence Int 1993. 2439–44.

18. Murchison DF, Charlton DG, Moore BK. Carbamide peroxide bleaching: effects on enamel surface hardness and bonding. Oper Dent 1992. 17181–185.

19. Nathoo SA, Chmielewski MB, Kirkup RE. Effects of colgate platinum professional tooth whitening system on microhardness of enamel, dentin, and composite resins. Compend Suppl 1994. (17)S627–S630.

20. Seghi RR, Denry I. Effects of external bleaching on indentation and abrasion characteristics of human enamel in vitro. J Dent Res 1992. 711340–1344.

21. Smidt A, Weller D, Roman I, Gedalia I. Effect of bleaching agents on microhardness and surface morphology of tooth enamel. Am J Dent 1998. 1183–85.

22. Kihn P, Barnes D, Romberg E, Mohammad M. Clinical evaluation of 10% vs 15% carbamide peroxide whitening system [abstract 998]. J Dent Res 1999. 78230.

Article information Continued

(open-access) :

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.